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Human Geography > Globalisation > Flashcards

Globalisation Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the GEI measure?

A

Created by the UNDP, measures Gender Disparity

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2
Q

What 3 categories does the GEI measure?

A
  • Reproductive health
  • Empowerment
  • Labour Market Participation
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3
Q

3 ways in which countries are made switched on?

A
  • Large labour force (skilled)
  • Strategic location - coastline
  • Natural resources- Oil
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4
Q

What makes TNCs so successful?

A
  • They alter their products from each country they sell for
  • Use numerous strategies to help them expand globally
  • Source any material they need all over the world
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5
Q

What are special economic zones (SEZ)?

A

Small industrial areas where favourable conditions are created to attract foreign direct investment

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6
Q

What does UNDP stand for?

A

United Nations Development Programme

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7
Q

What does switched off mean?

A

Those who are against globalisation leading them to be left behind or isolated.

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8
Q

What is the meaning of dereliction?

A

Abandoned buildings

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9
Q

What is deindustrialisation?

A

Removal of factories

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10
Q

What is global shift?

A

Movement of our western economies to our Asian countries

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11
Q

How has international organisations increased globalisation?

A

International organisations have promoted globalisation in terms of foreign investment for TNCs and aid from countries and NGOs

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12
Q

3 examples of Trade Blocs

A
  • EU
  • ASEAN
  • NAFTA
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13
Q

What is remittance?

A

Money sent back home due to migration reasons

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14
Q

How has mobile pones increased globalisation?

A

Enables people to communicate and access the internet wherever you are

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15
Q

What is the multiplier effect?

A

When a positive thing turns into another positive thing

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16
Q

What does switched on mean?

A

Countries that are in favour of globalisation, therefore increased connectedness to the world

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17
Q

How has fibre optics increased globalisation?

A

Due to superfast internet connections being achievable, communication is viable. Therefore, higher interconnectivity.

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18
Q

What is fibre optics?

A

Cables that deliver fibre optic broadband and can facilitate fast movements of data

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19
Q

What are Trade Blocs?

A

Countries that group together as members of a Trade Bloc and promote free trade and the exclusion of tariffs

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20
Q

What is globalisation?

A

The way in which places and people becoming more interconnected.

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21
Q

What are transnational corporations?

A

Firms with operations spread across the globe and operating in many nations

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22
Q

What are the 3 main global organisations that have promoted globalisation?

A
  • World Bank (WB)
  • World Trade Organisation (WTO)
  • International Monetary Fund (WMF)
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23
Q

What are the indicators used to measure globalisation?

A
  • The KOF Index
  • The AT Kearney Index
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24
Q

What is the paralympic movement?

A

Big inclusive sporting event highlighting equal opportunity for everyone and the athletes competing remembered for their talents

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25
Q

In our developing world, how is disabilities presented?

A

Seen as a curse

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26
Q

Meaning of cultural erosion?

A

Wearying away of culture

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27
Q

What is a host and source country?

A

Host country is where migrants are moving too. Source countries are where migrants are moving from

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28
Q

What made people leave Poland?

A
  • Low living standards
  • Unemployment: 20-35% (40% youth unemployment)
  • Low income level

Also took advantage of the lenient British welfare system

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29
Q

What is an E- tailer?

A

A retailer selling goods via the internet.

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30
Q

What is the World Trade Organisation (WTO) purpose?

A

WTO believes in free trade without subsidies and tariffs. WTO encourages all trade between countries to be free.

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31
Q

Risk caused by increased globalisation for banks

A

Alliances between banks are created. Therefore in the future, competition in the electronic marketplace will be fierce.

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32
Q

How has social networking increased globalisation?

A

Allowed places and people to be better connected. Also helps to spread ideas to different parts of the world.

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33
Q

What is outsourcing?

A

Obtaining goods or services by contract from an outside supplier

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34
Q

How has TNCs increased globalisation?

A

TNCs have made places much more interconnected and ideas/cultures can be shared more frequently due to this.

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35
Q

What is the International Monetary Fund (IMF) purpose?

A

Lends money for development and maintains international financial stability.

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36
Q

What is electronic banking?

A

Banks that use their online operations to expand into foreign markets

37
Q

What does the AT Kearney Index score?

A
  • Political engagement
  • Technological connectivity
  • Personal contact
  • Economic integration
38
Q

5 examples of free zones in the UK

A
  • Teesside
  • Liverpool city region
  • East Midlands airport
  • Thames
  • Plymouth and South Devon
39
Q

What is time-space compression?

A

If it takes less time to get to places, effectively making places seem closer.

40
Q

What normally occurs due to deindustrialisation?

A
  • Pop. decrease: Out Migration of working age groups
  • Unemployment: Huge increase
  • Health: Decrease due to lower income levels
  • Educational attainment: Decreased due to less confidence
  • Land Use: Increased dereliction
41
Q

What are enterprise zones?

A

Geographical defined areas in which commercial and industrial business can set up and expand.

42
Q

What is foreign direct investment (FDI)?

A

Big TNCs in one country investing into another country. Normally a low income country

43
Q

What is the aim of free zones?

A

To create new jobs and accelerated the UK economy

44
Q

3 ways in which countries are made switched off?

A
  • Political isolation
  • Physical location - Landlocked
  • Resources controlled by TNCs - due to old trade agreements
45
Q

What is gross national income (GNI)?

A

How much money a country has taken into account, the money earned by residents abroad, plus any taxes paid abroad

46
Q

What is the world banks (WB) purpose?

A

The WB was formed to finance economic development via loans from wealthy countries to developing countries.

47
Q

What is purchasing power parity (PPP)?

A

a measure of the price of specific goods in different countries and is used to compare the absolute purchasing power of the countries’ currencies

48
Q

What is meant by cultural diffusion?

A

Spread of cultures across the globe

49
Q

What is gross domestic product (GDP)?

A

Measure of national income, calculated from national output and national expenditure

50
Q

How has transport in terms of jet aircrafts and containerisation increased globalisation?

A
  • Containerisation has made trade much quicker and easier and more frequent in terms of transporting a large amount of goods
  • In terms of jet aircrafts, This also has made transport quicker, cheaper, easier, and more frequent. Main example of this is Jet2.
51
Q

A criticism of AT Kearney

A

Only includes 62 countries and the indicators can be quite unreliable in terms of measuring globalisation.

52
Q

What is cumulative causation?

A

A model that explains why wealth becomes concentrated in some places

53
Q

What is deprivation?

A

Having a lack of something

54
Q

How has electronic banking increased globalisation?

A

As it’s created alliances with other banks. Therefore, becoming more interconnected.

55
Q

How has transport in terms of steam ships and railways increased globalisation?

A

These British technological advances in has revolutionised how business was conducted around the world. Also improved due to the instantaneous communication provided by phones.

56
Q

3 positives of McDonalds in terms of globalisation

A
  • Sharing of western culture bringing in new diets
  • McDonalds employ more than 1.7 million people, creating new job opportunities.
  • McDonalds also creating a positive image in terms of giving to charity. (Made 400 rooms for families in need)
57
Q

What does the KOF index score for each country?

A
  • Economic globalisation
  • Social globalisation
  • Political globalisation
58
Q

What is disposable income?

A

Money left after paying for necessities

59
Q

How has internet technology increased globalisation?

A

Enables companies to locate anywhere as they can control workers via calls. Also, allows people to socially keep in contact.

60
Q

Definition of informal housing

A

Slum settlement, Not funded by government

61
Q

What is the two speed world?

A

One sector of industry/business or part of the world growing at a much faster rate than the other in terms of development and the economy

62
Q

What is glocalisation?

A

The adaptation of a global product for a local market

63
Q

What are technopoles?

A

A cluster of technologically innovative businesses and research institutions.

64
Q

What is the shrinking world theory?

A

As places are easier and quicker to get to, the world is hypothetically shrinking

65
Q

3 negatives of McDonalds in terms of globalisation?

A
  • introduction of another culture can result in a loss of some traditions
  • Exploitation of children, mainly through advertisement.
  • Accusations were made in 2000 that sweatshops were used.
66
Q

Purpose of the paralympic movement?

A

The purpose is to change peoples perspectives on what it means to be disabled. Spreading positive global culture.

67
Q

What is business clustering?

A

Geographical concentration of interconnected businesses

68
Q

5 reasons why a country may be cheap to investors

A
  • Cheap labour costs
  • Large workforce
  • Wage rates
  • Political stability
  • Size of economy and population
69
Q

What are free zones?

A

Zones that act as a hub for global trade and investment

70
Q

What does the Gini index (GI) measure?

A

The GI measure the increasing inequalities within countries - an index value between 0 - 100. value of 0 means everyone has the same income whilst 100 means high income inequality

71
Q

What is the Gini index sometimes shown as?

A

Can be shown as the Gini coefficient which is the same, other than the values being from 0 -1.

72
Q

are culturally mixed societies positive or negative?

A

Quite positive due to increased interconnectivity and inclusiveness.

73
Q

How has globalisation contributed to migration?

A

There are now large diasporas from many countries residents in other countries due to globalisation.

74
Q

Meaning of diaspora.

A

Dispersal of people

75
Q

Why has migration rates increased due to globalisation?

A
  • Open border for migration : such as within the EU
  • FDI : encourages TNC workers to work overseas
  • Deregulation of some job markets, allowing foreign qualified workers.
  • Humanitarian crisis : Russia and Ukraine
76
Q

Meaning of censorship?

A

The prohibition of resource’s such as films from other countries that the government find unacceptable.

77
Q

What are the 2 types of censorship?

A

State controlled and State monitered

78
Q

What is trade protectionism?

A

Deliberate attempt to limit imports or promote exports by putting up economic barriers to trade. This occurs as protectionists believes this protects their local economy

79
Q

What is resource nationalism?

A

control over natural resources, mainly from the government, due to economic reasons

80
Q

What is the ecological footprint?

A

The impact from a person or a community on our environment.

81
Q

Why do we need to consider food security?

A

By 2050, food demand likely to double worldwide.

82
Q

Why do we need to consider water usage?

A

Due to increased food production, water supplies will deplete due to crop production and animal husbandry.

83
Q

Why do we need to consider energy consumption?

A

As it is predicted by 2035, there will be a 50% increase in global energy use, which is a severe increase

84
Q

Why do we need to consider and protect our environment?

A

From manufacturing items to our television, this has increased our ecological footprint massively which is damaging our planet due to causing an increased climate.

85
Q

What is localism?

A

A range of political philosophies that priorities locals over national and global.

86
Q

2 positives of local sourcing?

A
  • Good for public relations, demonstrating investment in the local community.
  • Easier to satisfy local preferences and source specialised products.
87
Q

2 negatives of local sourcing?

A
  • local suppliers that are small businesses may be less efficient with restricted economic scale
  • Close supplier/staff connections can lead to issues with ethical supplier selection.
88
Q

Meaning of fair trade?

A

A trading partnership that seeks equality in terms of international trade.

89
Q

Meaning of ethical consumption?

A

Practice of purchasing products and services.

Human Geography (1 decks)

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