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Globalisation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the A8 countries?

A

They are 8 countries that joined the EU in 2004 (Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia)

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2
Q

What is the AT Kearney Index?

A

A US based global management consultancy firm made to rank cities from most to least globalised

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3
Q

Define brownfield site.

A

A site that has been previously used, usually for industrial reasons, but is now unused and abandoned e.g. old factories

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4
Q

Define capital.

A

Money or property, especially when it is used in business.

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5
Q

Define capitalism.

A

An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

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6
Q

Define carbon footprint.

A

The amount of CO2 that a person or organisation produces by the things they do and measures the harm done to the environment.

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7
Q

Define communism.

A

A political and economic system that seeks to create a classless society in which the major means of production, such as factories, are owned and controlled by the public.

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8
Q

Define consumerism.

A

The belief that it is good to buy and use lots of goods and services.

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9
Q

Define cultural erosion.

A

The loss of traditional or indigenous cultures e.g. languages and cuisine

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10
Q

Define cultural diffusion.

A

The way cultures merge and spread around the world.

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11
Q

Define cultural imperialism.

A

The promotion and imposition of the values and beliefs of one culture over another.

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12
Q

Define cultural landscapes.

A

The landscapes that have been affected, influenced or shaped by human existence/action.

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13
Q

What is the development cable model?

A

A model identifying the key development factors a country needs to successfully develop.

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14
Q

What is the development gap?

A

It is the widening difference in levels of development between the worlds richest and poorest countries.

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15
Q

What is diaspora?

A

The dispersion or spread of a group from their original homeland.

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16
Q

What is ecological footprint?

A

The amount of land needed by a person group or society in order for them to have enough food or resources to live and continue to exist the way they are.

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17
Q

What is economic migrant?

A

A person who moves to a different country in order to get a better job.

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18
Q

What is economies of scale?

A

The reduction of production costs as the value of production and increases.

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19
Q

What is ethical shopping?

A

Purchasing products and services that minimize social and/or environmental damage

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20
Q

What are ethnic enclaves?

A

A geographical area where a particular ethnic group is spatially clustered and socially an economically distinct from the majority group.

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21
Q

What is fair trade?

A

An organisation which encourages people to buy things that have been produced ethically.

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22
Q

What are food miles?

A

The distance between the place food is grown and where it is eaten.

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23
Q

What is foreign direct investment (FDI)?

A

International investment from one country to another for the purpose of constructing physical capital

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24
Q

What is the Genie index?

A

A measure of the degree of inequality in a society

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25
What is a global hub?
A highly globally connected city or a home region of a large global connected community.
26
What is the global production network?
It is complex chains of global suppliers used to make a product.
27
Define global shift.
The movement of industrial work abroad usually two Asian countries from the West.
28
Define globalisation.
The process by which countries become more interconnected and by which people culture finance goods and info transfer between countries with few barriers.
29
Define glocalization.
The process of making a global market suitable to local tastes.
30
What is GDP (gross domestic product)?
The value of all goods and services producing a country in one year except for income received from abroad.
31
What is GNI (gross nationally income)?
The total value of all goods and services producing the country in one year including foreign flows.
32
What are heavily indebted poor countries?
A group of 37 developing countries with high levels of poverty and debt overhang which are eligible for IMF and World Bank
33
Define homogenization.
When cultures mix and produced new what diverse cultures.
34
What are host countries?
Where migrants move to/their destination
35
What is the human development index (HDI)?
The summary measure of human development.
36
Define hyper-urbanisation.
Rapid increase of urbanisation
37
What is the informal sector?
A part of the economy that has been the taxed or monitored by any form of government.
38
Define interdependence.
When countries depend on each other for things like food energy or resources.
39
What is the international monetary fund (IMF)?
An international organization that tries to encourage trade between countries and to help poor countries develop economically.
40
What is 'just in time'?
The process where goods are produced our boards just before their needed so the company doesn't need to store them for a long time
41
What is the KOF index?
A measure of globalisation via social political environmental factors and scale out of 100
42
Define the knowledge economy (new economy).
An economy based around knowledge technology and information also known as the quaternary sector.
43
What is the Lee model of migration?
A model that accounts for the push and pull factors of migration as well as intervening obstacles.
44
Define liberalism.
A political theory that places the individual in their rights at highest priority.
45
What is the Lorenz curve?
A graphical presentation of equality where a deeper Curve means less equality
46
Define megacities.
A city with a population of one million or more.
47
Define neoliberalism.
A political and economic philosophy that emphasizes free trade, deregulation, globalization, and a reduction in government spending.
48
What is a non-governmental organisation (NGO)?
An organization which helps people, protects the environment etc and which is not run by the government for example charities.
49
Define offshoring.
When TNCs moved part of their own production process overseas
50
Define outsourcing.
When TNCs contract another company to produce goods rather than doing it themselves.
51
What are post-colonial migrants?
Migrants that move to a country that has colonised their home country currently or in the past
52
Define purchasing power parity (PPP)
The purchasing power of different currencies for example how much you can buy with £10.
53
Define quotas.
A limit placed on the number of goods that can be imported from a certain country.
54
Define remittances.
When someone sends money back to family/friends/etc in their home country.
55
Define refugee.
Someone who has been forced to leave their country especially during war, for political/religious reasons or due to environmental disasters
56
What is the shrinking world theory?
The idea that our perception of the world is shrinking as technology like planes improve
57
Define source countries.
Where migrants originally come from.
58
What is spatial division of labour?
The distribution of different stages of economic activity across certain areas
59
Define special economic zones (SEZs).
An area in a country that has different economic regulations to attract FDI.
60
What is the Sovereign Wealth Fund?
A state owned investment fund that invests in real and financial assets such as stocks.
61
Define subsidies.
Grants given by governments to increase their profitability of key industries.
62
Define sustainability.
The practice of using natural resources responsibly so that they can support present and future generations.
63
Define switched on countries.
An area experiencing a lot of globalisation
64
Define switched off countries.
An area which is not experiencing a lot of globalisation .
65
Define tariffs.
The taxes that are paid when importing or exporting goods and services between countries
66
Define trade blocs.
A group of countries which group together to boost trade via trade liberalisation between members and boost economic growth.
67
Define trade liberalization.
The removal of trade barriers.
68
Define Transition Town.
When local communities become climate proactive by reducing fossil fuel dependence and by shifting production closer to home.
69
Define transnational corporations (TNC)
A major company with a global reach and a presence in at least two countries.
70
Define urbanisation.
A process where an increasing proportion of population lives in urban areas such as towns.
71
What is the World Bank?
A United Nations agency with the primary role of financing economic development, with focuses on natural disasters.
72
What is the World Trade Organization?
The only international organization dealing with rules of trade between nations.

Geography Flashcards (3 decks)

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