globalisation Flashcards
what is globalisation?
the increasing interconnectedness of economic, social, and political entities worldwide
what is a network?
system of interconnected points between which flows move
what is a flow?
movement of capital, commodities, information, tourists, migrants
what is time-space compression
the impression that time and space have compressed because of an increase in connectivity which changes our conception of time, distance, and potential barriers
19th C developments
railways, steam ships, telegraph
20th century developments
jet aircraft (Easy jet) , lowcost airlines, highspeed railways, containerisation
21st-century developments
mobile phone, internet, social networking, electronic banking (MPESA), fibre optics
what are some international organisations that promote globalisation
Intermonetary fund (IMF), World bank, World Trade Organisation (WTO)
Case study abt World bank
Bataan Nuclear Power plant in the Philippines, WB loaned 2.3 bn but plant never used, poverty, poor qol, 40% of gov budget to debt repayment
what can national governments do to promote globalisation
free market liberalisation, privatisation, encouraging buisiness startups, trade blocs, SEZs, Attract FDI by investing in infrastructure
Compare to measures of gloablisation
KOF index- 24 indicators, out of date, bias, weighted system,
A.t Kearney index 12 indicators, only 62 countries, covers 96% of world gdp
why are some countries switched off
physical, land locked, steep terrain, nat resources, climate (Sahel region)
political (North Korea)
economic, poverty, labour force, wealth, exporting
what is the global shift
1960s-1980s, manufacturing moved from europe and the USA to many asian countries when these began to allow investment into their markets
impacts of global shift on china
positive: investemnt in infrastructure, increase in incomes, reductions in poverty, better education and training (94% literacy rates in 2014 vs 20% in 1950)
negative: loss of productive farmland, pollution, increase in unplanned settlements, land degradation, over-exploitation, loss of biodiversity
Foxconn Apple in China, jobs but low wages and poor working conditions 14suicides in 2010
Deindustrialisation case studies
Detroit USA: 40k vacant residential properties, corrosion of lead pipes, 2000 violent crimes per 100,000 residents, 25% unmeployment
Birmingham: lower pop decline and crime rates than detroit
Challenges of sustainable megacity growth
Mumbai: water pollution from untreated sewage, airpollution, 25000 deaths in 2020, 55% live in slums, 2000 sqautter settlements, 60% of pop work in infromal sector
impacts of international migration
Poland to UK:
positive doctors, offset ageing pop, employment, taxes
negative, cultural tensions, increase pressure on services, brain drain, dereliction
Case studies of cultural impacts of globalisation
Changing diets in Asia
china’s meat consumption risen from 5kg to 50kg annual per capita
Loss of tribal lifestyles in papua new guinea
opposition to globalisation case studies
France
40% of broadcasrs have to be in. french, no more than 55% american film imports
India
campaign against US soft drinks, high profile dams, and use of polythene bags
how can inquality be improved
gov increases wages amongst lowest earners, taxes on larger earnersm, increased gov spending on strategies to tackle poverty
economic development impacts on environment
Nigeria- oil spills fish and mangrove forests getting polluted SHELL petroleum
India- bottling industry CocaCola, draining water that feeds wells of farmers
how to control spread of globalisation
censorship, limiting migration, trade protectionism
what is sustainability
using resources today in a way that does not prevent future generations from using those resources
methods towards sustainability
local sourcing, ethical purchasing (fairtrade), recycling
TNCs role in globalisation
outsourcing, glocalisation, offshoring
