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globalisation Flashcards

1
Q

what is globalisation?

A

the increasing interconnectedness of economic, social, and political entities worldwide

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2
Q

what is a network?

A

system of interconnected points between which flows move

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3
Q

what is a flow?

A

movement of capital, commodities, information, tourists, migrants

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4
Q

what is time-space compression

A

the impression that time and space have compressed because of an increase in connectivity which changes our conception of time, distance, and potential barriers

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5
Q

19th C developments

A

railways, steam ships, telegraph

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6
Q

20th century developments

A

jet aircraft (Easy jet) , lowcost airlines, highspeed railways, containerisation

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7
Q

21st-century developments

A

mobile phone, internet, social networking, electronic banking (MPESA), fibre optics

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8
Q

what are some international organisations that promote globalisation

A

Intermonetary fund (IMF), World bank, World Trade Organisation (WTO)

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9
Q

Case study abt World bank

A

Bataan Nuclear Power plant in the Philippines, WB loaned 2.3 bn but plant never used, poverty, poor qol, 40% of gov budget to debt repayment

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10
Q

what can national governments do to promote globalisation

A

free market liberalisation, privatisation, encouraging buisiness startups, trade blocs, SEZs, Attract FDI by investing in infrastructure

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11
Q

Compare to measures of gloablisation

A

KOF index- 24 indicators, out of date, bias, weighted system,
A.t Kearney index 12 indicators, only 62 countries, covers 96% of world gdp

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12
Q

why are some countries switched off

A

physical, land locked, steep terrain, nat resources, climate (Sahel region)
political (North Korea)
economic, poverty, labour force, wealth, exporting

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13
Q

what is the global shift

A

1960s-1980s, manufacturing moved from europe and the USA to many asian countries when these began to allow investment into their markets

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14
Q

impacts of global shift on china

A

positive: investemnt in infrastructure, increase in incomes, reductions in poverty, better education and training (94% literacy rates in 2014 vs 20% in 1950)
negative: loss of productive farmland, pollution, increase in unplanned settlements, land degradation, over-exploitation, loss of biodiversity
Foxconn Apple in China, jobs but low wages and poor working conditions 14suicides in 2010

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15
Q

Deindustrialisation case studies

A

Detroit USA: 40k vacant residential properties, corrosion of lead pipes, 2000 violent crimes per 100,000 residents, 25% unmeployment
Birmingham: lower pop decline and crime rates than detroit

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16
Q

Challenges of sustainable megacity growth

A

Mumbai: water pollution from untreated sewage, airpollution, 25000 deaths in 2020, 55% live in slums, 2000 sqautter settlements, 60% of pop work in infromal sector

17
Q

impacts of international migration

A

Poland to UK:
positive doctors, offset ageing pop, employment, taxes
negative, cultural tensions, increase pressure on services, brain drain, dereliction

18
Q

Case studies of cultural impacts of globalisation

A

Changing diets in Asia
china’s meat consumption risen from 5kg to 50kg annual per capita
Loss of tribal lifestyles in papua new guinea

19
Q

opposition to globalisation case studies

A

France
40% of broadcasrs have to be in. french, no more than 55% american film imports
India
campaign against US soft drinks, high profile dams, and use of polythene bags

20
Q

how can inquality be improved

A

gov increases wages amongst lowest earners, taxes on larger earnersm, increased gov spending on strategies to tackle poverty

21
Q

economic development impacts on environment

A

Nigeria- oil spills fish and mangrove forests getting polluted SHELL petroleum
India- bottling industry CocaCola, draining water that feeds wells of farmers

22
Q

how to control spread of globalisation

A

censorship, limiting migration, trade protectionism

23
Q

what is sustainability

A

using resources today in a way that does not prevent future generations from using those resources

24
Q

methods towards sustainability

A

local sourcing, ethical purchasing (fairtrade), recycling

25
Q

TNCs role in globalisation

A

outsourcing, glocalisation, offshoring

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