globalisation Flashcards
define the concept of globalisation
the increased interconnectedness between countries resulting from the expanding trade, finance and ideas in one global marketplace. these are advancedments in technology, transport and communication.
define diffusion
this is the transfer or dispersal of cultural elements from one group of people to other groups.
whats the definition of adaptation
alteration or adjustments in response to a changed environment
define sustainability
meets the needs of current generations withoout compromising the ability of future grnerations to meet their own needs
how have advances in transport aided in gloabisation?
the distance in time that people have had to travel between two continents hvae shortened. evolution from steam ships to cars and aroplanes increasing in size and mass. allowing larger amounts of goods and people to travel faster and further. allowing goods from brittain to travel to india. helping world trade and the diffusion of elements of culture
how have telecommunication aided in globalisation?
information is history would only travel by horse ship or train. and only small amounts of it. but this has advanced to radio and mobile phones and tv due to the internet. allowing messages to travel in seconds and information to spread across the world easily
changes in spatial distribution of the production and consumption of goods and services
many key innovations relate to transport and communication that allowed the the distribution of goods and services.
- an example of this is when the colonists needed to develop networks of roads and railways and trading systems to connect to europe. once a set of political networks was established between imperial power and the colonist interconnectedness and economic netowrks followed
how do governments limit diffusion?
limit diffusion financially by prohibiting or taxing import of foreign goods to protect their own industry.
why has the middle class in china expanded?
chinas has the largest manufactoring output now meaning because they have more disposable income and represent a key part of tourists.
example of where diffusion was forced
the islamic caliphate conquered large areas of north affrica and middle east in the 7th sentuary. the conquers brought with them the arabic language and values related to islam which include alchahole consumtion and the position of wonen in society.
characteristics of globalised citizens
mobile connected globalised
- very rish
- the highly qualified
- the healthy
- the young
- with linguistic competence
- those with extensive networks
what are the characteristic of relatively localising citizens
immobile disconnected localised
- very poor
- unqualified/illiterate
- the sick and disabled
- those tied to familly/countries
- those with only local network
whats an example of time-space convergence
this is the lessening of the distance between points. from 1658- 1966 the time taken to travel to edinburgh to london was 300hrs and now it takes around 3hrs. as trains roads and airoplanes were introduced
explain what comparative advantage is?
- cattle farms in australia can distribute meat around the world due to refidgerated transport vehicles
- this is also a comparative advantage as it means that australia has easier acess to meats than many other countries that do not have large cattle farms like australia.
how does netfix display diffusion
once ntflixx went to online streaminf they expanded from just the USA to canada then to the UK, Scandinavia and Ireland. in 2021 netlix is available in 190 different countries. netflix has been responsible for the shift away from tv and cable tv.
give an example of diffusion of news media
it operates 24hrs a day and covered the fall of the berlin wall and the 9/11 terrorist attack. spreading the news across the world in seconds.
why are world cities economically important?
this is because of their extent of there power and influence. to identify a world city is to count the number of head offices and multinational corporations the city posseses. multinational corporations can buy sell lease out or hire any goods or services. these corporations need to raise large amounts of money to invest in buisnesses like mining and factories.
why are world cities culturally important?
these cities include large number of universities and reasearch institutes meaning there are many skilled employees with new and innovative ideas to keep businesses successful. this also means that these cities are filled with wealthy people. this also boosting the housing prices.
what are some examples of world cities
tokyo, new york, london
what is the defintion of sustainable development
development that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
how is globalisation impacting the environment?
due to an increase demand in clothing fast fashion is occurring in a lot larger masses. therefore the fashion industry being responsible for 5% of carbon emmisions.
social/ environmental impacts of globalisation in india.
air pollution killed more people in india in 2019 than anything else. a study showed that a child from a middle class family was expect to live 5yrs longer than a child from a more polluted area.
- the increase in AI and automtion was introduced into many manufactoring cites and 3.2 million people lost there jobs because of this.
what are the effects of air pollution in india
causes serious health issues like liver damage and blood clots that can lead to cancers.
economical impact of globalisation in india
- although many indians are dying due to air pollution the government has not adressed pollution as a priority, because some officalls see it as the price to pay for efficient economic growth and to lift people out of poverty
- income inequality also takes a toll on india as the top 1% of india earned 21% of the income in india.
