Globalisation

Question 1

What are the drivers of globalisation

Answer 1

• Technology
• culture
• economics
• politics
• people and countries
• institutions

Question 2

How has technology driven globalisation

Answer 2

• Increase ability to travel
• instant payments have lead to a global financial system
• better communication

Question 3

How has culture driven globalisation

Answer 3

• global culture homogenised by global brands and migration

- monoculture is based around human rights and liberal democracy

Question 4

How has economics driven globalisation

Answer 4

• development of global markets in goods and services with TNCs having global supply chains
• specialisation of states with better endowments

Question 5

How has politics driven globalisation

Answer 5

End of Cold War has led to the spreading of neoliberal economic ideas and a monoculture

Question 6

How have people driven globalisation

Answer 6

Growth of migration and movement of people across borders - last 15 years, 41% increase in migration

Question 7

How have institutions led to globalisation

Answer 7

The growing role of organisations like the WTO has facilitated free trade and interdependency

Question 8

What are the causes of economic globalisation?

Answer 8

• underlying economic logic of capitalism
• role of technological improvements
• spread of pro market values

Question 9

What are the causes of cultural globalisation

Answer 9

• role of social media and better technology
• TNCs have developed global goods and global brands
• the growth of migration

Question 10

What are the causes of political globalisation

Answer 10

• the emergence of a human rights culture
• NGOs growing role in watching and sharing information about human rights abuses by states
• the end of the Cold War

Question 11

does economic globalisation resolve the issue of global poverty? YES (1)

Answer 11

• developing countries attract investment by engaging in free trade, allowing them to break out of subsistence culture
• countries are able to specialise in what they do best and import what they dont do best
• the internet has led to the free flowing if ideas which were exclusively developed states’ before.

Question 12

does globalisation resolve the issue of poverty? YES (2)

Answer 12

• TNCs outsource employment to countries with lowest labour costs, which is often developing countries, thus increasing employment.
• the MDGs have largely been successful because of globalisation
• absolute poverty has reduced from around 1.9billion to 800 million between 1990 and 2015, correlating to increased globalisation.

Question 13

does globalisation resolve the issue of poverty? NO (1)

Answer 13

• the proletarianisation of countries leads to disintegration of communities, and corresponding increases in crime.
• TNCs only exploit developing states for cheap wages, and don’t actually invest in the country.
• often benefits the rich more than the poor, although absolute poverty has decreased, relative has increased.

Question 14

does globalisation resolve the issue of global poverty? NO (2)

Answer 14

• global capitalism is volatile, encouraging crises such as the sub-prime mortgage recession of 2008, and instability threatens socioeconomic progress in states

Question 15

is globalisation another word for ‘americanisation’? YES

Answer 15

• the ten most profitable movies in history, led by Avatar, are all american
• the top 10 restuarant chains are all american: Mcdonalds, KFC, Subway
• the equivalent of 20% of the worlds population drink a coca-cola product every day
• the US holds 22% of the worlds GDP and dominates organisations like the world bank and IMF.

Question 16

is globalisation another word for ‘americanisation’? NO

Answer 16

• China has become the biggest global investor in other countries - the establishment of the AIIB is designed to challenge the dominance of the world bank
• the growth of different cultures like K-pop and Anime has challenged the dominance of US hegemony
• US film producers have to increasingly accommodate the Chinese audience

Question 17

is state sovereignty becoming less important? YES

Answer 17

• Global acceptance of free-market liberalism encouraged by the bretton woods institutions restricts the economic choices that states can make - Susan Strange ‘Markets are now masters of governments’
• states now share power with organisations which are products of globalisation e.g, UN
• pooling of sovereignty in IGOs such as the EU
• states accept legal limitations on their jurisdiction in the ECtHR, ICC and ICJ

Question 18

is state sovereignty becoming less important? NO

Answer 18

• states ultimately choose whether or not to cooperate with the NSAs e.g., DPRK
• it is very difficult to enforce international law, UK ECtHR ruling ignored
• some people are becoming more loyal to the state again in response to increased globalisation e.g., Brexit