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Global Final > Global Unit 3-4 > Flashcards

Global Unit 3-4 Flashcards

1
Q

Islam

A

Submission to the will of Allah

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2
Q

Qur’an

A

Holy book of Islam

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3
Q

Shari’a

A

Islamic system of law

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4
Q

Hajj

A

Pilgrimage to Mecca

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5
Q

Caliph

A

A title meaning “successor” or deputy in Arabic

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6
Q

Jihad

A

Means “striving”; can refer to an inner struggle or an armed struggle

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7
Q

Sunni

A

Followers of Muhammad’s example who accepted the Umayyads’ rule

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7
Q

Calligraphy

A

Art of beautiful handwriting

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7
Q

Algebra

A

A branch of mathematics introduced by Al-Khwarizmi

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7
Q

Shi’a

A

Party of Ali, believed the caliph should be a descendant of Muhammad

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8
Q

Justinian Code

A

A collection of laws that streamlined and updated Roman legal principles

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9
Q

Hagia Sophia

A

A grand church built by Justinian, symbolizing the link between church and state

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10
Q

Nika Rebellion

A

A major revolt against Justinian, quelled by his general Belisarius

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11
Q

Iconoclasm

A

The rejection and destruction of religious images and icons

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12
Q

Varangians

A

Viking adventurers who settled among the Slavs and founded Russian cities

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13
Q

Kiev

A

Important trade city and early Russian state

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14
Q

Abbasids

A

Islamic caliphate that ruled from the eighth century until weakened by internal and external forces

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15
Q

Seljuks

A

Turkish group that rose to power in the tenth century, known for their military prowess and cultural integration with Persians

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16
Q

Crusades

A

Series of religious wars initiated by Western Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim rule

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17
Q

Mongols

A

Nomadic conquerors from Central Asia who created the largest contiguous land empire in history under Genghis Khan

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18
Q

Song Dynasty

A

Followed the Tang, known for stability and prosperity despite losing northern territories

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19
Q

Civil Service Examinations

A

System to select scholar-officials, revived by the Tang

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20
Q

Steppe

A

The vast grassland region of Eurasia

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21
Q

Pastoralists

A

Nomadic people who herd domesticated animals

22
Q

Pax Mongolica

A

The period of Mongol peace and stability across Eurasia

23
Q

Yuan Dynasty

A

Mongol dynasty in China established by Kublai Khan

24
Q

Ming Dynasty

A

Chinese dynasty that overthrew the Mongols in 1368, succeeding the Yuan Dynasty

25
Q

Golden Horde

A

Mongol Khanate ruling over Russia until 1480

26
Q

Shinto

A

Early Japanese religion based on nature worship and reverence for ancestors

27
Q

Heian Period

A

Era in Japanese history marked by a refined court society

28
Q

Bushido

A

Code of conduct followed by samurai warriors, emphasizing honor and courage

29
Q

Shogun

A

Military dictator of Japan, holding real power during the feudal era

30
Q

Franks

A

A Germanic tribe that inhabited the region of Gaul (modern-day France) during the early Middle Ages and played a significant role in the formation of the Carolingian Empire

31
Q

Monastery

A

A secluded community of monks or nuns, where individuals devoted their lives to religious practices, study, and manual labor, often under the rule of an abbot or abbess

32
Q

Secular

A

Pertaining to worldly or non-religious matters, as opposed to spiritual or ecclesiastical concerns

33
Q

Carolingian Dynasty

A

A ruling family that emerged in the Frankish kingdom during the 8th century, named after its most prominent figure, Charlemagne, who became the first Holy Roman Emperor

34
Q

Lord

A

A noble landowner who granted land to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and military service

35
Q

Fief

A

A piece of land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for the vassal’s loyalty and military service

36
Q

vassal

A

a person who held land from a lord in exchange for loyalty and military service

37
Q

knight

A

a mounted warrior in medieval Europe who pledged military service to a lord in exchange for land

38
Q

serf

A

a peasant who was legally bound to the land they worked and subject to the control of the lord

39
Q

Chivalry

A

the medieval code of conduct observed by knights, emphasizing qualities such as honor, courage, courtesy, and loyalty

40
Q

Tournament

A

a medieval contest of skill and prowess between knights, often including jousting, swordplay, and other marital arts

41
Q

troubadour

A

a medieval poet-musician who composed and performed songs, often about chivalry, courtly love, and heroic deeds

42
Q

Clegry

A

The body of ordained religious officials, including priests, bishops, and other church leaders

43
Q

Sacrament

A

A religious ceremony or ritual regarded as imparting divine grace such as baptism or the Eucharist

44
Q

Canon law

A

the body of law and regulations governing the Christian Church, based on religious teachings and ecclesiastical authority

45
Q

Lay investiture

A

The practice of secular rulers appointing church officials, such as bishops, which was a source of conflict between secular and ecclesiastical powers during the Middle Ages

46
Q

Simony

A

The buying or selling of sacred or spiritual things, such as church offices or pardons

47
Q

Reconquista

A

The long-term Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim control, culminating in the fall of Granada in 1492

48
Q

Inquisition

A

A series of ecclesiastical tribunals established by the Catholic Church to combat heresy and enforce religious orthodoxy

49
Q

three-field system

A

An agricultural system introduced in medieval Europe, involving the rotation of three fields to maximize agricultural productivity

50
Q

guild

A

An association of craftsmen or merchants in medieval towns, organized to regulate trade, training, and standards of craftsmanship

51
Q

Commercial Revolution

A

The expansion of trade, commerce, and economic activity in medieval Europe, leading to the growth of towns and the emergence of a money-based economy

52
Q

Magna Carta

A

A charter of liberties granted by King John of England in 1215, limiting the power of the monarchy and establishing certain legal rights for subjects

53
Q

Parliament

A

A legislative body in England, consisting of representatives from different social classes, which evolved over time to become a check on royal authority

54
Q

Great Schism

A

A split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417, during which there were two, and at times three, claimants to the papacy

55
Q

Bubonic plague

A

A deadly epidemic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, transmitted through fleas infesting rats, which devastated Europe in the 14th century, resulting in millions of deaths

56
Q

Hundred Years’ War

A

A series of conflicts between England and France from 1337 to 1453, primarily over territorial claims and the English monarch’s attempts to control French territories

Global Final (2 decks)

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