Global Systems And Governance Case Studies Flashcards
1
Q
Coffee (Production)
A
- 90% produced by NEEs and LICs for consumption in HICs
- 143.4 million 60kg bags produced worldwide in 2015
- Brazil and Vietnam 2 largest producers (51%)
- Share of money taken by producers fallen since 1970s from 20% to 1-3%.
- Coffee helps LICs create trade links with HICs
- Relatively high value cash crop – growers earn reasonable wage
2
Q
Coffee (Consumption)
A
- EU coffee imports risen 37% since 1990
- USA biggest consumer of coffee but Belgium is largest per capita consumer
- 2015 – coffee industry worth £1 billion in UK and $87 billion worldwide
- Global coffee sales now driven by huge TNC coffee shops
- UK alone consumes 95 million cups of coffee per day
- Most popular drink (other than water) – two billion cups per day
- 2023 – revenue is $95 billion
- Expected to grow annually by 4.47% from 2023-25
3
Q
Coffee (Fairtrade)
A
- Helped coffee farmers since 1980s – now works with 800,000 farmers in 537 organisations
- 2017 - $73 million in Fairtrade Premium was generated through coffee sales
- 44% of farmers invested their premium in improving methods in order to increase future yields
- 2016 – coffee farmers earned £65.9 million in Fairtrade Premium, on top of Fairtrade Minimum Price
4
Q
European Union (Key Points)
A
- Established after WW2 (1950) as a way of preventing further conflict in Europe and enabling better trade.
- 27 members (post brexit)
- Council and parliament based in Brussels with elected officials sitting terms of 5 years.
5
Q
European Union (Pros)
A
- The Schengen agreement allows for free movement of people around continental Europe without the need to show/carry a passport
- Any EU national is able to live and work in any other EU nation and use their services/facilities in the same way as a nation of that country would for free
- Total trade within the EU single market totals over $16.6 trillion each year
- There are 30 trade deals between the EU and other nations. Due to the power of such a big organisation
6
Q
European Union (Cons)
A
- Net contributions vary greatly and mean that some nations contribute more financially than they receive in return
- Single market/currency means issues in one nations impacts all others (e.g. Greece/Ireland following 2007 recession)
- Trade agreements can limit some opportunities to trade with areas outside of the EU
- Some EU policies are seen as inefficient. Most notable the common agricultural policy which led to food over production and more expensive food for consumers due to a minimum price being put on farmed goods.
7
Q
Apple (TNC)
A
- Founded 1976 USA
- Silicon Valley(Large concentration of tech firms)
- 4000 workers in Cork due to Irelands 12.5% corp tax
- Uses over 200,000 Chinese workers in Foxconn working 60 hours per week for $100 a month, a lot of suicides
- 600 outlets across the world in HICs and NEEs
- Apples services are available in 175+ countries (Globalisation)
8
Q
Apple (Impact on Ireland)
A
Positives:
- 4000 workers in Cork
- Attracted highly skilled workforce and other high-tech firms to the area
- Company has expanded and contributed to infrastructural improvements in the city.
Negatives:
- Many high-skilled workers are foreign so apple are accused for not supplying work for local people.
9
Q
Apple (Impact on China)
A
- 2006 - 200,000 workers lived and worked at Foxconn working more than 60 hours a week for around $100 a month
- 2010 - 50 workers poisoned by toxic chemicals to clean iPad screens as there’s no ventilation in the factories
- Uses students and children to maintain low cost and flexible labour force
- Suicides - 2009-2010 there were 14 suicides mostly due to severe working conditions
10
Q
Apple (Impact on the Environment)
A
- Relies on non-renewable resources to supply electricity to data centres
- Toxic chemical like PVC in manufacturing process
- Factories in China - pollutants and toxic chemicals into local water supplies, threatens public health
- lack of recyclability of apple products
