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Human Geography (13) > Global Systems and Governance > Flashcards

Global Systems and Governance Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Global Commons?

A

A natural resource shared by all people on earth.

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2
Q

What are Trade Blocs?

A

An intergovernmental agreement where barriers to trade are reduced amongst member states.

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3
Q

What is a NIC?

A

Newly Industrialised Country e.g. China

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4
Q

What are Remittances?

A

A transfer of money by someone living abroad to their home country.

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5
Q

What is Aid?

A

Assistance given from one country to another in times of need.

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6
Q

What is FDI?

A

Foreign Direct Investment

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7
Q

What is Capital Flow?

A

The movement of money (capital) for investment abroad.

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8
Q

Define Free Trade.

A

International trade without taxes/tariffs (barriers to trade).

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9
Q

What is containerisation?

A

The easing of flows of trade through the use of standardised shipping containers.

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10
Q

Define Globalisation.

A

Interdependence between the leading nations in trade. There are few restrictions on cross-border exchange of good and services.

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11
Q

Give 2 examples of economic alliances.

A

BRIC(s)
MINT

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12
Q

Name the BRIC(s) member states.

A

Brazil, Russia, India China, (South Africa).

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13
Q

Name the MINT member states.

A

Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey.

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14
Q

What are the Maquiladores?

A

Manufacturing plants located in free trade zones within Mexico.

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15
Q

Why are some HICs experiencing deindustrialisation?

A

Large factories/manufacturing plants have less uses in HICs since the manufacturing of products has been outsourced to LICs/NICs.

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16
Q

Who created the World System Theory Model?

A

Wallerstein

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17
Q

What is the Core?

A

HIC’s and industrialised countries that dominate and exploit periphery countries for labour and raw materials.

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18
Q

What is the Periphery?

A

Countries that depend on core countries for capital e.g. LICs.

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19
Q

What is the Semi-Periphery?

A

Countries that are industrialising and have some effect on the world economy e.g. NICs - China, India.

20
Q

What industry has Uganda specialised in?

A

Primary: Fishing - Nile Perch

21
Q

What is the most valuable natural resource?
What organisation is focussed on this resource?

A

Oil (sometimes called black gold)
OPEC (Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries)

22
Q

What is one way of reinforcing unequal flows?

A

‘Clubs’, e.g. OECD BRICs/MINT
largest HICs and NICs allowed in, trading with other stable HIC/NICs.

23
Q

What is a tariff?

A

A tax imposed on imports and exports

24
Q

What is a quota?

A

Government imposed restrictions that limit the amount/value of goods that can be imported/exported.

25
Q

What are subsidies?

A

Financial assistance given by a government/NGO to increase competition/prevent collapse of businesses.

26
Q

Define protectionism.

A

Restricting imports from other countries to bolster domestic industry.

27
Q

What are barriers to trade?

A

Obstacles countries face when trading with each other.

28
Q

What are the different types of trade blocs?

A

Preferential Trade Area
Free Trade Area
Customs Union
Common Market
Economic Union
Full Integration

29
Q

What agreement allows for the free movement of people and goods between EU member states?

A

Schengen Agreement

30
Q

What is the Belt and Road Initiative?

A

China’s plan to improve infrastructure in multiple Asian, African and European nations to improve the flow of trade.

31
Q

Where is China focussing their FDI?

A

Africa, e.g Nigeria, Ghana

32
Q

What is a multilateral institution?

A

An organisation that multiple countries are a member of, responsible for global decision-making.

33
Q

Give 3 examples of multilateral institutions.

A

IMF, WTO, World Bank

34
Q

Suggest a flaw in these institutions.

A

Western/Eurocentric

35
Q

What is top-down investment?

A

Governments receive funding and it trickles down to poorer people.

36
Q

What is bottom-up investment?

A

Funding given directly to grassroots communities.

37
Q

Give examples of TNC’s

A

Apple, Google, Shell, Alibaba

38
Q

What is the multiplier effect?

A

A knock on effect that can have positive/negative impacts.

39
Q

What is vertical integration?

A

Companies buying different parts of a supply chain of the same product.

40
Q

What is horizontal integration?

A

Buying rival companies in the same part of a supply chain.

41
Q

What is the TNC case study?

A

Apple

42
Q

How many full time employees does Apple have?

A

98000

43
Q

Where is Apple’s European HQ?

A

Cork, Ireland. Hires 4000 people.

44
Q

Give one positive and negative impact of Apple in Cork.

A

+ investment in STEM projects in schools
- brain drain in other EU members e.g. Poland

45
Q

Which SEZ has Apple exported production to?

A

Shenzhen, China (Outsourced to Foxconn)

46
Q
A

Human Geography (13) (2 decks)

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