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global systems and global governance Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the different forms of globalisation?

A

-environmental
-economic
-cultural/social
-political

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2
Q

what are LDCs

A

official UN designation for countries at the lowest levels of development. these countries face significant obsticals to their development. e.g somalia and hati

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3
Q

what are LEDCs/LICs/

A

more developed than LDCs, more children are likely to be educated and there are more likey to be more employment oppertunities. e.g kenya, peru

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4
Q

what are CPEs?

A

countries with significant state control ; these dont really fit into the continum as their characteristics are based on political direction. e.g cuba, north korea

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5
Q

what are FCCs?

A

countries that up until the 1990s were centrally planned economies, their path to capitalism and democracy has been rocky. e.g russia, romania

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6
Q

what are RICs/NEEs?

A

countries that have developed rapidly since the 1980s/90s. these countries may have large economies but large levels of inequality. e.g india and mexico

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7
Q

what is an OPEC?

A

these countries woiuld be much poorer without the oil. the wealth from oils is not evenly distributes so there can be high levels of inequality e.g nigeria, saudi arabia

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8
Q

what is are NICs?

A

countries that have developed economically since the 1960s. these countries have an increasing influence on the world economy.e.g.south korea,singapore

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9
Q

what are MEDCs?

A

the countries with a historic influence on the world economy, source of TNCs fully of education & healthcare many high-skilled job oppertunities.e.g uk, usa

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10
Q

what is a developed core?

A

an area of high economic growth. surrounded by a less developed periphery

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11
Q

what countries are the countries/continets of the developed core?

A

north america, europe, japan

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12
Q

how much of the global goods and services does the core own?

A

50% of global goods and services

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13
Q

what countries/continets are in the periphery?

A

most of africa,parts of south and south east asia and south america

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14
Q

what is capital flow?

A

movement of money between countries for the purpose of investment, trade or production

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15
Q

what is FDI?

A

by TNCs (mostly) into foreign business. e.g thorugh buying shares

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16
Q

what is repeation of profits?

A

TNCs take profit back to country where headquatered = ‘economic leakage’ or ‘loss of income’

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17
Q

what are remittances?

A

transfers of made by foreign works to family in home country (2nd most important source of icnome in devloping countries)

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18
Q

why have capital flows increased?

A

-deregulation of financial markets
-development of technology including high speed intent, 46, trading apps
-more money in circulation

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19
Q

facts about the flow of information:

A

-goverened by the movement of people through migration and by the speed of data
-responsible for the transfer of cultural ideas, langauge, industrial
-improvement to global telephone network

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20
Q

what are the asian tigers?

A

-taiwan
-south korea
-singapore
-hong kong

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21
Q

what are the african lions?

A

-Ghana
-Nigeria
-kenya
-uganda
-ethiopia
-mozabique
-south africa

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22
Q

what are the tiger cubs?

A

-phillipines
-vietnam
-indonisea
-malaysia
-thailand

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23
Q

what are the strengths of mexico?

A

-member of NAFTA
-key location of FDI from US
-major oil reserves
-govt investing nearly $600bn in infrastructure

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24
Q

what are the weakness of mexico?

A

-crime and corruption
-boom and bust economy
-few world class home-grown companies
-alreaqdu fulfilled economic potential?

25
Q

what are brazils strengths?

A

-worlds 10th largest economy in 2008
-mature economy (71% services)
-agricultural superpower
-benefits from raw material exports to china

26
Q

what are brazils weaknesses?

A

-high levels of crimes (in cities especially)
-‘big government’ i.e lot sof bureaucracy

27
Q

what are the strengths of russia?

A

-vast gas and oil reserves
-stratigically important (large army,navy and airforce, nuclear power)
-permanent seat on UN security Council in G8?

28
Q

what are the weaknesses of russia?

A

-highly dependant on oil and gas exports
-ageing population
-very rich, powerful businessmen influence politicains
-difficult place to do business
-conflict on borders

29
Q

strengths of nigeria?

A

biggest economy on its continent
-major oil exporter
-member of OPEC

30
Q

weaknesses of nigeria?

A

-major issues with energy infrastructure
-few trade links in the region due to civil wars
-corruption widespread

31
Q

what are the strengths of indonesia?

A

-4th most populous country in the world
-4th largest facebook market
-benefits from porximity to asian economies

32
Q

what are the weaknesses of indonesia?

A

-highly dependant on commodity exports(60%) such as coal rubber and palm oil
-ranks 120th in world bank ‘ease of doing business’ index

33
Q

what are chinas strengths?

A

-‘workshops of the world’
-worlds largest economy
-powerful in global economy e.g role in development of africa

34
Q

what are chinas weaknesses?

A

-struggling to keep pace with energy demand
-faces an aging population due to past population policies
-issues with political freedom and human rights

35
Q

what are turkeys strengths?

A

-important strategic position between east and west
-worlds fastest growing airline based here

36
Q

what are turkeys weaknesses?

A

-poor human rights record
-heavy-handed government
-conflict between muslim faith and western development

37
Q

what are the strengths of india?

A

-rapid growth since the 1990s
-focus of IT and service offshoring
-generated some strong domestic brands .e.g Tata

38
Q

what are the weaknesses of india?

A

-very high levels of rural poverty
-issues with infrastructure. e.g frequent power outages

39
Q

what is the KOF index of globalisation?

A

is an index of the degree of globalisation of 122 countries

40
Q

what are the three components of the KOF index?

A

-economic globalization is measured by the actual flows of trade, froeign direct investment and portfolio investment, as wells as the restrictions applyinhg to these flows
-social globalization is expressed as the ideas, information, images and people. it is estimated by personal contact, information flows and cultural proximity
-political globalisation is characterized by the degree of political cooperation. it is measured by the number of embassies, membership of international organizations, participation in UN security Council missions, and number of international treaties signed

41
Q

what are the factors in globalisation?

A

-financial systems
-transport
-communication

42
Q

what are the advatanges for LEDCs/NICs(traditional periphery)?

A

-transfer of technology & skills
-creation of new consumers/markets in LEDCs
-higher wages leads to more spending in local economy (multiplier effect)
-increased employment opportunities
-increased investment in infastructure

43
Q

what are the disadvantages of LEDCs/NICs (traditional periphery)?

A

-environmetal costs e.g water/air pollution
-jobs are low wage
-widened development gaqp

44
Q

what are the advantages of MEDCs (traditional core)?

A

-cheap imports of goods for consumers
-lower production costs for business
-workers shift into service sector jobs (high pay and high skill)

45
Q

what are the different forms of secuirty?

A

-passenger/air security
-economic and political
-security of goods
-cyber security

46
Q

what is fordism?

A

was how production of goods waas organised through most of the 20th century, involves the mass production of uniform goods on assembly lines

47
Q

what are the key features of post-fordist production:

A

-just in time technolgy
-EPZs
-flexible working
-outsourcing

48
Q

what are free trade areas?

A

in these unions members abolish tariffs and quotas on trade between themselves but have restrictions on imports from non-member countries

49
Q

what is a trade bloc?

A

is group of countries that share trading arragements between themselves and are protected from external trade to some degree

50
Q

what is a customs union?

A

is a closer form of economic interegation. as well as having free trade between memebers,all members operate as a common external tariff on imports from abroad

51
Q

why did the asian tigers develop?

A

-large,well-educated workforce
-export orintated industries
-technological transfers from USA and Japanj
-close emerging to china
-located on existsing trade routes (singapore and hong kong ar emajor ports)
-no reduced tarriffs/duties
-aid and investment from USA

52
Q

why the asian tigers might not have developed?

A

-few raw materials
-limited local markets (in the 1950s), with low incomes
-internal wars in korea
-mass imigration of poor refuges to hong kong, singapore and taiwan placed pressure on each countries rescources

53
Q

what is TGF?

A

textiles,garments and footwear (industry)

54
Q

what are the issues in Bangladesh?

A

-workers paid about one fifteith of their america or european counter parts
-governments attitude towards the gorment industries is that because the industry covers 76% of our total export, were not not to distrub the garment industry
-retailers are able to dicate prices prices to factory that means workers pay and conditions rarely make it onto the adgenda
-thousand of textile workers line cooped up in 3 and 45 storey conugated buildings
-bangadesh wages are among the lowest in the world

55
Q

migrant workers in dubai, UAE:

A

-UAEs government ordered companies with migrant workers to provide them with food and accomidation whilst they remian in the country -but many companies didnt comply
-cant afford to leave
-cant afford to live in the country
-some cant get the medication
-most migrant workers have to rely on donations
-workers cant bear to leave until they get what they are owed

56
Q

benefits of the world bank?

A

helps countries improve their access to world markets and enhance their participation in the global trading system. trade is an engine of growth that reduces poverty, and increases economic oppertunity

57
Q

what are the benefits of IMF?

A

offers assistance in the form of surveilance where it conducts individual country, regional, or worldwide ‘check-ups’. also if a country finds itself in an economic crisis, they can turn to the IMF to financially support them through their reform program

58
Q

what is the world banks key functions?

A

international finacial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low-and middle income countries for the purpose of pursing capital projects

59
Q

what are the key functions of the IMF?

A

created to prevent economic crises such as the great depression. each member country pays an amount based on the size of that countrys economy which determines the voting power within the organization

geography (9 decks)

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