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vocab > Global studies 1 > Flashcards

Global studies 1 Flashcards

1
Q

classical civilization

A

cultrual, political,

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2
Q

What civilizations are considered to be classical civilizations?

A

Classical civilizations include ancient Greece, Rome, Persia, India (Maurya and Gupta), and China (Zhou and Han).

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3
Q

Describe Greece’s geography

A

Ancient Greece’s mountainous terrain created isolated city-states, while its extensive coastline facilitated trade, seafaring, and cultural exchange.

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4
Q

How did the geography of Greece impact its development?

A

Greece’s mountainous terrain led to isolated city-states, fostering regional identities, while the coastline encouraged trade and maritime activity.

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5
Q

What is a city-state?

A

Ancient Greece’s mountainous terrain created isolated city-states, while its extensive coastline facilitated trade, seafaring, and cultural exchange.

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6
Q

Why did Greece develop into city-states?

A

Greece developed into city-states due to its mountainous geography, which isolated communities, promoting local governance and distinct cultures.

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7
Q

Direct Democracy

A

Direct democracy is a system where citizens directly participate in decision-making, exemplified by ancient Athens’ voting assemblies.

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8
Q

Which Greek city-state had a direct democracy for their government?

A

Athens had a direct democracy, allowing citizens to participate in decision-making through assemblies and public debates.

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9
Q

Why was Ancient Greece’s direct democracy LIMITED?

A

Ancient Greece’s direct democracy was limited as only free, male citizens could participate, excluding women, slaves, and foreigners.

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10
Q

Who fought in the Persian War?

A

The Persian Wars were fought between Greek city-states, notably Athens and Sparta, against the Persian Empire led by Darius and Xerxes.

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11
Q

Who won the Persian War?

A

The Greek city-states won the Persian Wars, achieving significant victories at battles such as Marathon, Salamis, and Plataea.

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12
Q

Which city-state gained a lot of power after the Persian War?

A

Athens gained significant power after the Persian War, emerging as a dominant naval force and leader of the Delian League.

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13
Q

the Golden Age of Athens

A

The Golden Age of Athens (5th century BCE) was marked by cultural flourishing, democracy, philosophy, and significant advancements in art and science.

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14
Q

Which city-state was the leader of Greece’s golden age, and why?

A

Athens was the leader of Greece’s Golden Age due to its cultural, political, and military advancements, fostering democracy and the arts.

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15
Q

Which city-state was Pericles the leader of?

A

Pericles was the leader of Athens, where he played a crucial role in its political and cultural development.

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16
Q

What were some of his accomplishments?

A

Pericles’ accomplishments included expanding democracy, commissioning the Parthenon, and fostering arts, philosophy, and the Athenian naval power.

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17
Q

What did Athenians value?

A

Athenians valued democracy, education, philosophy, arts, and civic participation, emphasizing individual freedom and public debate.

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18
Q

What did Spartans value?

A

Spartans valued discipline, military strength, loyalty, austerity, and community, prioritizing the needs of the state over individual desires.

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19
Q

Who were they?

A

Philosophers in ancient Greece, like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, explored ethics, politics, metaphysics, and the nature of knowledge.

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20
Q

What did they believe in?

A

They believed in rational thought, the pursuit of truth, ethical living, and understanding the nature of reality and existence.

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21
Q

Philosophers

A

Philosophers in ancient Greece, like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, explored ethics, politics, metaphysics, and the nature of knowledge.

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22
Q

Architecture

A

Greek architecture achievements include the development of classical orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian), monumental temples like the Parthenon, and open-air theaters.

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22
Q

What did they believe in?

A

They believed in rational thought, the pursuit of truth, ethical living, and understanding the nature of reality and existence.

23
Q

Art:

A

Greek art achievements include realistic sculpture, pottery, and architecture, with notable works like the Parthenon and sculptures by Phidias.

24
Q

Drama

A

Greek drama introduced tragedy and comedy, with playwrights like Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Aristophanes, emphasizing themes of fate, morality, and society.

25
Q

History

A

Greek history includes the rise of city-states, the Persian Wars, the Golden Age of Athens, and the influence of Hellenism.

26
Q

Language

A

Ancient Greek was a complex language with various dialects, contributing significantly to literature, philosophy, and science in Western culture.

27
Q

Who fought in the Peloponnesian War?

A

The Peloponnesian War was fought between Athens and its allies in the Delian League against Sparta and its allies in the Peloponnesian League.

28
Q

What happened to the Greek city-states because of the war?

A

The Peloponnesian War weakened Greek city-states, leading to economic decline, loss of power, increased instability, and paving the way for Macedonian dominance.

29
Q

Where was he originally King?

A

King Philip II was originally king of Macedonia, where he united the Greek city-states under Macedonian rule before his son, Alexander the Great, expanded the empire.

30
Q

What did he do to the Greek city-states?

A

Philip II conquered and united the Greek city-states under Macedonian rule, establishing a centralized authority and weakening their independence.
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31
Q

Where did Alexander the great conquer?

A

Alexander the Great conquered vast territories, including Persia, Egypt, and parts of India, creating one of the largest empires in history.

32
Q

What is his legacy (most known for/most important accomplishment)?

A

Alexander the Great is most known for his military conquests, cultural diffusion through Hellenism, and the spread of Greek civilization across his empire.

33
Q

How did Alexander the Great encourage cultural diffusion throughout his empire?

A

Alexander the Great encouraged cultural diffusion by promoting intermarriage, adopting local customs, founding cities, and spreading Greek language and ideas.

34
Q

Hellenistic culture

A

emerged after Alexander’s conquests, blending Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian influences in art, philosophy, and science.
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35
Q

Why is Alexandria in Egypt important?

A

Alexandria was important for its role as a major cultural, intellectual, and trade center, housing the famous Library of Alexandria and the Lighthouse.

36
Q

dynasty

A

A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family or lineage, governing a particular territory over successive generations.

37
Q

What other Chinese Dynasties came before the Han?

A

The dynasties that came before the Han include the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, each contributing to early Chinese civilization.

38
Q

Draw the dynastic cycle below:

A

New dynasty, period of prosperity, decline, loss of mandate of heaven, overthrow

39
Q

What was the Mandate of Heaven?

A

The Mandate of Heaven is a Chinese political and religious doctrine asserting that rulers must govern justly, and their legitimacy is granted by divine approval.

40
Q

Which ruling family in China had power before the Han Dynasty?

A

The ruling family before the Han Dynasty was the Qin Dynasty, known for unifying China and establishing centralized governance.

41
Q

How do we know that the Chinese are very proud of their Han history?

A

Chinese pride in Han history is evident through cultural references, the revival of Han traditions, historical celebrations, and the significant impact on Chinese identity.
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42
Q

Which dynasty was extremely influenced by Confucianism?

A

The Han Dynasty was extremely influenced by Confucianism, adopting its principles in governance, education, and social values, shaping Chinese culture for centuries.

43
Q

What are the major beliefs of Confucianism? (State and explain)

A

Benevolencem ritual and propriety, filial piety, loyalty, noble person

44
Q

Who was Han Wudi?

A

Han Wudi, or Emperor Wu of Han (156-87 BCE), was a powerful emperor known for expanding the Han Dynasty’s territory, promoting Confucianism, and enhancing trade along the Silk Road.

45
Q

How did he improve China during the Han Dynasty?

A

Han Wudi improved China by expanding the empire’s territory, establishing a strong central government, promoting Confucianism, and developing trade routes like the Silk Road.

46
Q

What is a monopoly?

A

A monopoly is a market structure where a single entity or company exclusively controls the supply of a product or service, limiting competition and consumer choice.

47
Q

Why did Han Wudi have the Chinese government set up a monopoly on iron and salt?

A

Han Wudi established a monopoly on iron and salt to generate revenue for the state, control essential resources, and reduce the power of wealthy merchants.

48
Q

What were the Silk Roads?

A

The Silk Roads were ancient trade routes connecting East Asia to the Mediterranean, facilitating the exchange of goods, culture, ideas, and technology between civilizations.

49
Q

How did the Silk Roads impact China?

A

The Silk Roads impacted China by boosting trade, enhancing cultural exchanges, spreading inventions and ideas, and increasing diplomatic relationships with other civilizations.

50
Q

How did the Silk Roads encourage cultural diffusion?

A

The Silk Roads encouraged cultural diffusion by facilitating the exchange of art, religion, language, and technology among diverse cultures and societies along the trade routes.

51
Q

What was the Civil Service Exam?

A

A competitive test for government positions based on merit and knowledge.

52
Q

Which school of thought influenced the exam?

A

Confucianism significantly influenced the Civil Service Exam and its principles

53
Q

How did the Civil Service Exam incorporate the above school of thought’s ideas into the exam?

A

It emphasized Confucian texts, ethics, governance, and moral philosophy.

54
Q

How did the civil service exam give an opportunity to everyone (in theory)?

A

It allowed all males to compete, promoting merit-based recruitment in government.

55
Q

Who were scholar-officials?

A

Scholar-officials were educated bureaucrats in imperial China, selected through the Civil Service Exam.

56
Q

What was their job?

A

Their job involved governance, administration, and implementing policies, maintaining order and stability in society.

vocab (5 decks)

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