Global popular culture.

Question 1

The 3 Ts of globalisation.

Answer 1

Trade, transport, technology.

Question 2

McLuhan.

Answer 2

The world is a global village. Everyone is connected through new media, shrinking the globe.

Question 3

How globalisation has impacted media ownership?

Answer 3

Global conglomoration- Bagdikian. Lords of the global village. Eg Rupert Murdoch owning a large amount of British media.

Question 4

How globalisation has impacted TV+ streaming services?

Answer 4

Horizontal intergration. All companies compete globally. Eg Netflix having plans for different countries.

Question 5

How globalisation has impacted the internet?

Answer 5

Technological conversions. Ideas are spread globally to influence opinions. Same news is available in different countries. Eg Twitter is available all around the world with the same messages.

Question 6

How globalisation has impacted advertising+ products?

Answer 6

Diversification. More products are sold if they are available globally (trade.) Eg Temu tech products being sold+ marketed.

Question 7

How globalisation has impacted entertainment?

Answer 7

Synergy. Sell more products from one event. Hollywoodisation. Eg Football events with international participants.

Question 8

Flew.

Answer 8

The evolution of new media has caused the development of the global popular culture. This has removed the individuality of local culture, as they become more alike: food, clothing, values. Global> local.

Question 9

Popular/ low culture.

Answer 9

They are highly commercialised and seek to make profit for the globalised company. Same around the world eg Disney. Dumbed down media- CEM.

Question 10

Negatives of globalisation.

Answer 10

-Lack of distinct national culture.
-Can promote harmful ideas eg Disney+ gender roles.
-Same food= health problems eg Mcdonalds.
-Dumbed down- Curran eg X factor.
-Addiction to technology= loss of skill.

Question 11

High culture.

Answer 11

Opposite of popular culture. Eg galleries, museums, theatres, TV shows, news, documentaries.

Question 12

Classes that consume high media.

Answer 12

Middle-class: wants to feel richer and more connected to upper class values like success.
Upper-class: entertainment that confirms their view of superiority.

Question 13

The blur between low+ high culture.

Answer 13

The working class can now consume high media. Eg free access to museums, Wimbledon, intellectual films, classical radio.

Question 14

Strinati.

Answer 14

Elements of high culture have been implement into popular culture. There is no real distinction between high and low culture any more. Eg Van Gogh paintings on tea towels, Go Compare adverts.

Question 15

Postmodernists’ cultural optimism.

Answer 15

There are benefits to a global popular culture. There is more choice over personal identity and lifestyle- pick and mix theory, uses+ grats.

Question 16

Tomlinson: cultural optimism.

Answer 16

Cultural hybrids- people are shaped by many different cultures now, not just local.
‘Glocal’ media- media is tailored for specific communities and cultures, rather than eroding them.

Question 17

Strinati: cultural optimism.

Answer 17

People can have an oppositional reading to the media now- citizen journalism and media literacy result in an active audience.

Question 18

Livingstone: cultural optimism.

Answer 18

Mass media can be used to educate people on difficult social topics eg soap operas tackling alcoholism, politics. This generates social discussion, raising awareness.

Question 19

Marxists’ cultural pessimism.

Answer 19

The global media is made to create profit and spread dominant ideology, protecting the ruling class. Further exploits the proletariat. Eg GB news is driven by a profit motive- they sell the proletariats’ exploitation back to them with a marked up price.

Question 20

Marcuse: cultural pessimism.

Answer 20

The media means that people can not critically view the media- prevents revolution. CEM, mass of unthinking robots.

Question 21

Kellner: cultural pessimism.

Answer 21

Globalisation leads to sameness where everyone has the same values. The unique cultures of the global southern proletariat have been diminished . Lords of the global village+ Hollywoodisation.

Question 22

Harvey: cultural pessimism.

Answer 22

Digital Tv has resulted in a decline in the quality of the media. Reality shows and gambling are more present. This leads to a ‘candy floss culture’ where there is a high saturation of media with no substance to it.

Question 23

Cultural imperialism.

Answer 23

Fenton: globalised media has lead to a domination of the west- all countries are beginning to accept its values, leading to cultural homogenisation.

Question 24

Mcdonaldisation.

Answer 24

Linked to Taylorism. Culture now has the features of a fast food establishment. Calculability, efficiency, predictability, control.

Question 25

Disneyfication.

Answer 25

Linked to Hollywoodisation. Western values are promoted through the media, including Disney films. Eg nuclear family beauty standards, patriarchy, gender roles, heteronormativity.