Global pop growth, DTM and Migration Flashcards
Birth rate
number of live births per 1000 per year
Death rate
number of deaths per 1000 per year
Life expectancy
average number of years from birth a person can expect to live
Longevity
increase in life expectancy over a period of time
Natural change
change in a population size caused by interrelationship between birth and death rates.
Causes of population growth
health; disease control, contraception, infant mortality, diet
education; health, age education ends, female education
social provision; elderly care, media e.g. radio, clean water
cultural factors; religious attitudes, role of women in society
political factors: taxation, economy strength, war/conflicts,
environmental factors; hazard frequency, environments breed disease
why does fertility vary?
death rate, tradition, education, age structures, social class, religion, economic factors, political influence
Population growth in less developed world
fastest in LEDCs, avg growth 1.3% but in Africa still over 2.3%, birth rate now declining in LEDC, in islamic world fertility below replacement
southern states of india - literacy levels rises, fertility dropped
Population growth in more developed world
Pop growth slow for decades, Italy pop fell, low fertility in Ukraine, Romania, Latvia women don’t have children due to economic collapse however USA 2.0 so relatively high - religion
- Japanese gov £50mn prevent fertility fall encourage babys
- european countries have incentives to increase birthrate e.g financial benefits for 3rd child
why does Mortality vary?
highest DR in LEDCs e.g sub-saharan africa
- infant mortality indicator of socioeconomic development
- areas with high medical infrastructure = low mortality
- life expectancy higher with economic development
- AIDS 25 million in sub-saharan africa
DTM
S1- highly fluctuating, high birth and death rate
s2- early expanding, falling death rate
s3- late expanding, falling birthrate, DR continues falling
s4 - low fluctuation, low birth and death rates
s5- decline, death rate exceed birth rate
DTM strengths & weaknesses
good: dynamic - shows change, explains what and why, describes UK, some MICs o though similar stages e.g Singapore
bad: AIDS - epidemic slip back so model doesn’t predict future, assumes industrialisation at stage 3, only based on industrialised countries
Demographics of UK
s1 cheap gin increased DR
s2 smallpox vaccination decreases DR, 1848 public health act, child deaths as food shortages
s3 first world war BR decreases, DR falls as national insurance, TB treat
s4 despite post war baby boom, BR remains low as females important in employment structure, contraceptives pill,
Population change in Thailand
BR fallen rapidly as family planning programme since 1970,
- public info on contraceptives
- advertising benefits of 2 child families
- health centres established provide free contraception
- training paramedics and midwives to care for mother & baby from local villages(known and trusted)
Causes of migration
push factors
pull factors
barriers
