Global Nutrition

Question 1

Name three nutrition related sustainable development goals

Answer 1

No Poverty
Zero Hunger
Good Health and Well-being

Question 2

What are the contextual factors that contribute to malnutrition?

Answer 2

Basic Causes:
Social, political, economic context
Lack of Capital: human, financial, physical, natural

Underlying Causes:
Income poverty: employment, dwelling, assets, remittances
Leading to household food insecurity, inadequate care, and unhealthy household environment and lack of health services

Immediate Causes:
Inadequate dietary intake, disease burden directly leading to short and long term health problems for individuals.

Question 3

What are three major nutrition problems in developing countries

Answer 3

General Nutrient Deficiencies (Stunting&raquo_space; Wasting)
Micronutrient Deficiencies (hidden hunger)
Role of environment and enteropathy (clean water)

Question 4

What are the growth, dietary, and reproductive outcomes of Micronutrient deficiencies?

Answer 4

Undernutrition results in 3.1 millions deaths annually.

Often results in stunted growth, wherein patients do not visibly appear malnourished.

Long term consequences include:
Limited adult size
Limited intellectual capacity
Impacted Economic productivity
Reduced reproductive performance
Chronic diseases (metabolic and cardiovascular)

Question 5

What is the triple burden of poverty?

Answer 5

Diarrhea, stunting, and chronic disease.
Poverty leads to frequent enteric infections and diarrhea, which may then lead to cognitive impairment and poor growth, leading to further impoverishment.

Question 6

What are the three factors that combine in the impoverished gut and what are the two aspects of the pathological cycle they participate in?

Answer 6

Micro biome, human genome, and environment.

Malnutrition leads to enteric infections, which leads to further malnutrition. Intestinal damage and inflammation causes nutrient malabsorption which impairs innate and acquired mucosal defenses, which intensifies infection severity and damage.

Question 7

What are four interventions that interrupt the cycle of poverty and the impoverished gut?

Answer 7

Antimicrobials and vaccines
Repairing nutrient availability
Probiotic and microflora
Water sanitation

Question 8

What are four approaches to improving nutritional status in vulnerable populations?

Answer 8

Dietary Supplements:
Folate, iodine, protein, calcium, multiple micronutrient supplement, vitamin A, zinc

Fortification:
Micronutrient powders,

Technology

Education:
“Behavior change communication”, joint agenda setting, delivery through health centers, Positive Deviance (who in community is successful and why?)