Global Migration Patterns Are Influenced By A Multitude Of Interrelated Factors Flashcards
What has globalisation led to?
What has migration led to?
More countries and their economies becoming more interdependent
Intensification of globalsiation
Interregional migration: where are people migrating to? Where are they coming from? What are the pull factors?
Highly skilled workers from China, India and Brazil to the US (including science and maths graduates attracted to high salaries and SoL)
Migration of workers from India, Bangladesh and Egypt to oil producing Gulf states attracted by high demand for labour, higher salaries and ease of returning remittances
2 examples of Intra regional
Increase of international migrant stock (10.8 million) among ASEAN workers. Low skilled workers from Laos and Cambodia go to Singapore or Malaysia for higher salaries
Increased migration from S. America’s “southern cone” of Argentina and Paraguay due to wage opportunities
Young workers
Migrate for greater economic opportunities
Largest proportions of migrants in central and S. Asia are men aged 25-44
High demand for young workers in Gulf states e.g. number of foreign born residents in UAE increased from 2.45 million in 2000 to 8.5 million in 2019
Female migrants
An increase in C21st- 51% of all migrants in ACs were female. 43% of migrants in EDCs are female
Reasons centre on regulations governing admission and departure of migrants e.g. greater independence, status, freedom
Tertiary educated women migrants in OECD countries increased by 80%
South- south corridors (background data)
International migration stock outnumbers south-north flows (36% of global migrant stock)
Explained by labour migration e.g. 2/3 of migrant remittances are sent between S. countries
Reasons for high levels of South-south corridors migration
Restrictive admin barriers for migrants from the South entering the N., causing them to go to another S. country instead
Fast growing economies in the South offer employment opportunities
Example of South-south migration corridors. Pull/ push factors?
MYANMAR- THAILAND
Largest ASEAN corridor with both South countries involving 1.9 million migrants
Many migrants live below the poverty line in Myanmar and are attracted to Thailand (fastest growing economy in SE. Asia)
Legal daily minimum wage of $9 (ten times that of Myanmar)
Escaping forced labour in gov development projects
Impact of conflict on refugees
Increased from 15.7 million to 26 million (2012 to 2019)
Crisis in Syria plays a major role in increased number of refugees (largest source of refugees in 2019)
Turkey (3.6 million) largest recipient
Reasons for larger numbers of refugees
Impact of conflict: loss of home, personal safety, access to services
Economic hardship: forced labour and modern slavery
Impacts of natural hazards
Changes in Emigration policy: pakistan
Pro emigration: remittances amounted to $20 bn
Promotes export of Pakistani manpowers abroad
Support for social networks (Pakistani diasopora)
Encouraging female participation in oversees employment (just 0.12%)
Changes to immigration policy: Canada
New policy aimed at filling its need for engineers and IT specialists
Migrants ranked by a 1200 point system allows young skilled workers to be fast tracked
Agreed to take 10 000 Syrian refugees over 3 years
What is a bilateral flow?
A migrant flow between two countries
No. migrants going from Mexico to the US? 1990-2010
0.51 million
Migration between Myanmar and Bangladesh includes large numbers of……..??
Refugees
