Global History Final

Question 1

Dictatorship

Answer 1

Power acquired by force, absolute control over lives of citizens

Question 2

Communism

Answer 2

form of socialism advocated by Karl Marx; according to Marx, class struggle was inevitable and would lead to the creation of a classless society in which all wealth and property would be owned by the community as a whole

Question 3

Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 3

form of gov’t in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a constitution (sometimes with a parliamentary system or prime minister)

Question 4

Absolute Monarchy

Answer 4

form of gov’t where the monarch has centralized power and has no checks and balances, person has divine right the rule

Question 5

Democracy

Answer 5

any form of gov’t in which political power is exercised by all citizens, either directly or through their elected representatives

Question 6

What is the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 6

A period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic, and cultural conditions of the times.

Question 7

Where did the IR first occur?

Answer 7

Britain

Question 8

The country that the IR first occurred in was a leading manufacturer of what?

Answer 8

Textiles

Question 9

What factors contributed to the birth of the IR?

Answer 9

Urbanization, agricultural revolution, and population explosion

Question 10

What non-Western nation industrialized in the late 19th century?

Answer 10

Japan

Question 11

3. What were some of the problems associated with the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 11

Pollution, child labor, dangerous factories and other jobs, unclean cities

Question 12

List some of the changes that occurred in a country that experienced an industrial revolution.

Answer 12

Women and kids worked, more people living in cities, larger cities

Question 13

Adam Smith

Answer 13

introduced the idea of capitalism and laissez faire

Question 14

Karl Marx

Answer 14

created the idea of communism

Question 15

Urbanization

Answer 15

movement of people from rural areas to cities

Question 16

Labor Union

Answer 16

workers’ organization

Question 17

Globalization

Answer 17

the increasing global relationship of culture, people, and economic activity.

Question 18

Command Economy

Answer 18

system in which gov’t officials make all basic economic decisions

Question 19

Mixed Economy

Answer 19

economic system with both private and state-run enterprises (United States)

Question 20

Market Economy

Answer 20

the free market controls most economic decisions

Question 21

Traditional Economy

Answer 21

culture dictates economy, economy run to cultural standards

Question 22

Hybrid Nation

Answer 22

a gov’t in between communism and capitalism (China)

Question 23

Socialism

Answer 23

system in which the people as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate all businesses

Question 24

Socialism vs. Communism?

Answer 24

occurs differently; in communism, the people overthrow the higher powers

Question 25

Capitalism

Answer 25

economic system in which them means of production are privately owned and operated for profit

Question 26

Nationalism

Answer 26

a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country

Question 27

Totalitarianism

Answer 27

gov’t in which a one-party dictatorship regulates every aspect of citizens’ lives

Question 28

Imperialism

Answer 28

domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region

Question 29

“White Man’s Burden”

Answer 29

whites’ duty to “civilize” Africans; an example of social imperialism

Question 30

Berlin Conference

Answer 30

When European officials met in Berlin to settle rival land claims in Africa.

Question 31

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 31

Chinese nationalists who attacked foreigners across China in 1900 because they believed foreigners were polluting the land with their un-Chinese ways

Question 32

Sphere of Influence

Answer 32

area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges.

Question 33

Colony

Answer 33

A country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.

Question 34

The Belgian Congo

Answer 34

King Leopold II imperialized the Congo for labor and resources such as rubber. Killed 50% of the population. Believed he had to educate the “savage” people.

Question 35

What is Islam? How did it spread?

Answer 35

• A monotheistic religion that is based on the Qur’an (the final word of God) and the teachings of the prophet Muhammad.
• A schism emerged with the first 100 years over the issues of religious and political leadership (85% Sunnni, 15% Shi’a)
• Spread across Africa

Question 36

What were the causes of/motivations for late 19th century imperialism?

Answer 36

Economic: natural resources, new markets, colonies (valuable outlet to growing population), cheap labor, transportation methods
Political and Military: to gain power, competition, expand territory, exercise force
Social: missionaries, educate, explore, blessings of Western Civilization (medicine, law civilization), Social Darwinism (Europe is superior and must civilize others)

Question 37

What were effects of imperialism on the African nations?

Answer 37

Loss of tradition, heavy taxes, families disrupted, loss of culture, death

Question 38

What is the difference between economic and social imperialism?

Answer 38

Economic: helps economy through new resources and cheap labor
Social: changes culture, “White Man’s Burden”

Question 39

What are the causes of the Russian Revolution?

Answer 39

People began to protest the czar and he eventually abdicated, then Lenin came to power, followed by Stalin. Also the Civil War.

Question 40

Why did Russia pull out of WWI?

Answer 40

Too many casualties and not enough supplies for soldiers or allies. Plus, they were going through a revolution.

Question 41

What were the causes of WWI?

Answer 41

Militarism: the glorification of the military, grew partly out of Social Darwinism, countries building up armies
Alliances: Central Powers and the Allies (CPs: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Triple Alliance) and As: Great Britain, France, and Russia (Triple Entente))
Nationalism: begins in France, Germany, Italy, Russia, and Great Britain and spreads throughout Europe, the Ottoman Empire, Asia (India, Japan), the Balkans (especially Serbia, where war begins)—-Agression across Europe!
Imperialism: new tensions between nations (France and Germany collided in Morocco, N. Africa) (Russian expansion to south threatened Germany and Austria-Hungary)
Assassination: Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary (killed by Serbin nationalist) (led to Austria to declare war—spark that started the war across Europe)

Question 42

Why did the Germans lose WWI?

Answer 42

American troops arrived in France and steadily helped France press the Germans back.