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Duke Elder > Global Health > Flashcards

Global Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is the leading cause of preventable blindness?

A

Trachoma

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2
Q

What serological variants of Chlamydia cause trachoma?

A

A-C

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3
Q

What is the vector for spread of trachoma?

A

Bazaar fly

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4
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of the acute inflammatory phase of trachoma?

A

follicular conjunctivitis

vascularisation of superior cornea (pannus formation)

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5
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of the chronic cicatricial phase of trachoma?

A 
Herbert pits
Arlt's line 
Conjunctival scarring 
trichiasis
entropion
corneal opacities
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6
Q

Describe the SAFE strategy for trachoma management?

A

Surgery for trichiasis
Antibiotics - single dose of 1000mg azithromycin
Facial cleanliness
Environmental improvement

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7
Q

What disease is caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus, carried by the simulus black fly?

A

River blindness (onchocerciasis)

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8
Q

What is the colloquial name for onchocerciasis?

A

River blindness

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9
Q

What morphology of rash often appears before ocular features of river blindness?

A

maculopapular

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10
Q

What are the ocular signs of river blindness?

A

Decreased VA
anterior uveitis
Pearly shaped pupil (posterior synechiae)
bilateral chorioretinitis with RPE atrophy
Visualisation of nematode on slit lamp

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11
Q

What sorts of uveitis are associated with river blindness?

A

anterior and posterior

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12
Q

What drug is given to treat river blindness?

A

ivermectin

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13
Q

Deficiency of which vitamin results in xerophthalmia?

A

vitamin A

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14
Q

What are the features of xerophthalmia?

A 
nyctalopia
xerosis (severe conjunctival dryness and keratinization 
Bitot's spots
Punctate corneal epithelial erosions 
keratomalacia
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15
Q

What is the treatment of xerophthalmia?

A

vitamin A supplementation

Topical lubricants

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16
Q

How many people have visual impairment worldwide?

A

2.2 billion

17
Q

What is the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide?

A

uncorrected refractive error

18
Q

What is the leading cause of blindness worldwide?

A

cataract

19
Q

What is the most common refractive error?

A

presbyopia

20
Q

What is presbyopia?

A

loss of accommodation due to increasing age

Treat with convex lens

21
Q

What is the consequence of congenital cataract if left untreated?

A

Bilateral amblyopia due to underdevelopment of visual centres in the brain

Duke Elder (8 decks)

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