Global Health Flashcards
define under 5 mortality rate
probability of a child born in a specific year/period dying before reaching the age of 5.
define infant mortality rate
probability of a child born in a specific year/period dying before reaching the age of 1
how are mortality rates expressed
rate of death per 1000 live births
what are the top 5 causes of global mortality
- Preterm birth complications
- Pneumonia
- Intrapartum-related complications
- Diarrhoea
- Congenital abnormalities
when is thought to be the most dangerous time in a childs life
first 24 hours
main cause of diarrhoea
contaminated food and water sources
describe the vicious cycle of diarrhoea
causes malnutrition due to malabsoprtion, and malnourished children are more likely to get it
prevention of diarrhoea
vaccination
breastfeeding and good nutrition
safe
drinking water, hygeine, sanitation
treatment of diarrhoea
oral rehydration solution
- sodium glucose co-transported creates an osmotic pull for water, which is absorbed in the jejunum avoiding most of the intestine
- used for mild/moderate dehydration as avoid IV fluids
- cheap
zinc supplements
- improve absorption of water and nutrients
how can ORT be made
what are the 6 solutions proposed by WHO for preventable deaths
- Immediate and exclusive breastfeeding (till 6 months)
- Skilled attendants for antenatal, birth and postnatal care
- Access to nutrition and micronutrients
- Family knowledge of danger signs in a child’s health
- Water, sanitation and hygiene
- Immunisations
HIV in children
- large cause of mortality
- mother to child transmission
*
how is mother to child transmission of HIV prevented
- Maternal lifelong antiretroviral treatment
- Screen for and treat other STDs, especially herpes
- Infant prophylaxis for 6 weeks or throughout breastfeeding
diagnostic tests for HIV
- <18m: virological PCR for HIV DNA/RNA
- >18m: serological rapid antibody test
staging of HIV
- Clinical staging 1-4
- Immunological staging: CD4 count
- Virological staging: viral load
