Global Health

Question 1

What are the top 5 causes of child mortality globally ?

Answer 1

Preterm birth complications
Pneumonia
Intrapartum-related complications
Diarrhoea
Congenital abnormalities

Question 2

What are the World Health Organisation’s 6 solutions to preventable deaths?

Answer 2

1. Immediate and exclusive breastfeeding
2. Skilled attendants for antenatal, birth, and postnatal care
3. Access to nutrition and micronutrients
4. Family knowledge of danger signs in a child’s health
5. Water, sanitation, and hygiene
6. Immunizations

Question 3

What other Non-health factors influencing child health?

Answer 3

War and conflict, maternal education

Question 4

In subsaharan africa the top 5 causes of child mortality include malaria

Answer 4

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Question 5

Pneumonia kills more than AIDS, measles, meningitis, pertussis and tetanus combined

Answer 5

T

Question 6

About 45% of all child deaths are linked to malnutrition.

Answer 6

T

Question 7

What are simple measures effective for newborns?

Answer 7

Antenatal care (maternal infections such as HIV, tetanus vaccine)
Skilled birth attendant (resusciated aphyxis babies, recognise warning signs)
Antibiotics for sepsis and pneumonia

Question 8

Diarrhea is mostly caused by malnourishment

Answer 8

F
contaminated water and food sources
malnourished children mor elikely to get it

Question 9

Prevent diarrhea?

Answer 9

Safe drinking water, good hygiene and sanitation
Breastfeeding and good nutrition
Vaccination

Question 10

Treatment diarrhea?

Answer 10

Oral rehydration solution (ORS)

Zinc supplements

Question 11

If infected with HIV at birth 50-60% die aged 3-5 years

Answer 11

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Question 12

Prevention HIV infection mother to child transmission?

Answer 12

Maternal lifelong antiretroviral treatment
Screen for and treat other STDs, especially herpes
Infant prophylaxis for 6 weeks or throughout breastfeeding
Test child at birth, 6 weeks of age then 6 weeks after cessation of breastfeeding

Question 13

Presentation of HIV?

Answer 13

“The Great Mimic”
Persistent fever, Encephalopathy, failure to thrive
lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly

Recurrent infections (TB pneumonia), childhood diseases (diarrhea, otitis media), oral candidiasis

Question 14

Diagnostic tests for HIV?

Answer 14

<18 months of age: virological PCR for HIV DNA or RNA

>18 months: serological rapid antibody test

Question 15

Treatment recommend for ALL children living with HIV?

Answer 15

Two NRTIs plus one NNRTI or protease inhibitor
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors eg abacavir and lamivudine
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors eg efavirenz for >3yr olds
Protease inhibitor eg kaletra for <3yr olds