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Global governance - political and economic > Global Governance terminology > Flashcards

Global Governance terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Non governmental organisations

A

(ngo’s) - non profit voluntary group organised on a local a nation or international level - christian aid

NGO’s humanitarian functions, citizen concerns to govs, advocate.

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2
Q

Structural Adjustment Programme:

A

Conditonal loans by IMF and World Bank to countries that were in economic crisis

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3
Q

POLITICAL

A
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4
Q

UN - United Nations

A

created in 1945, after 2 ww, promote international cooperation and prevent conflict like that again

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5
Q

Security council

A
  • un most powerful Body.maintaining peace and security
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6
Q

NATO. - North Atlantic treaty organisation

A
  • military alliance, signed 1949
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7
Q

ECONOMIC

A
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8
Q

IMF - international momentary fund

A
  • work to foster global momentary cooperation , financial stability , international’s trade, high employment, reduce global poverty
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9
Q

World Bank -

A

international organisation that offers concesional loans and grants to worlds poorest developing countries to reduce poverty

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10
Q

WTO - world trade organisation

A
  • regulates international trade
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11
Q

G7(8)

A

group of 7 most wealthy western countries

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12
Q

G20 organisation

A

Group of twenty states

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13
Q

North south divide

A

global socio economic political divide

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14
Q

dependency theory

A
  • emphasises structural imbalances within capitalism the impose dependency on poorer states
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15
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE POLITICAL

A
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16
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE POLITICAL - World government

A
  • all of humanity would be united under one common political authority. entail a centralised soverign supranational authority that had legislative and executive power, favoured by cosmopolitans.
  • arranged federal basis with existing states beinlower tier of political sovereignty
  • apporach liked by liberals
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17
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE POLITICAL - world government

A
  • it is not a popular concept
  • little support - fear of despotic rather than democratic
  • practicalities to it ability to enforce descion globally
  • not needed
  • liberal like this approach
18
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE POLITICAL - global governance

A

a broad dynamic compete process of interactive decision making at a global level. formal and imformal. States remain key acts on global stage but use supranational institution to influence important things. Global policy emerges.

19
Q

United Nations

A

launched in 1945 after war, form of global governance,. Aims of promoting international cooperation and security.
Members can only be soverign states

20
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE POLITICAL - UN - role and significane of UN..

A
  • large and complex body, which has one major contradiction. UN tries to balance needs of great power, with the idea all member states are sovereign and equal. created two bodies for this
21
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE POLITICAL -UN - security council

A
  • Maintanence of international peace and security. be neogotiator,observer,peace keeper.
  • power to pass legally binding solutions ,suspend or expel member, economic sanctions and military action
  • powerful institution.
22
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE POLITICAL -UN - security council

A
  • 15 member with voting rights
  • 10 member temporary and rotate. P-5 are permanent members - USA CHINA RUSSIA UK FRANCE
  • the larger and more influential powers
  • each of these power have a veto, permanently halt any decision., leaving soveringty and self interest in tact.
  • at odds with the idea all member of UN are equal as they clearly aren’t
23
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE POLITICAL -UN - security council

A
  • however, its felt that the great power were essential for maintain of international peace and security .
  • it was essential that their self interest were preserved
  • sovereignty of great powers secured they were likely to play and active part in maintaining peace and security.
  • This is the greatest strength and weakness of Security council
24
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE POLITICAL -UN - General assembly

A
  • Deliberative body of UN, regard as parliament
  • all members of parliament each have one vote - formally equal
  • formal roles like:
  • debates and resolutions, results made with 2/3 majority only recs not binding on states
  • examines and approves the UN budget determines members contributions
  • elects the UN Secretary General on5 year term administer policies of UN
  • elects judges of ICJ
25
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE POLITICAL -UN - the economic and social council

A
  • 54 members
    -oversees actions and functions of
    :
  • World Bank, IMF and WTO
  • WHO
    -UNICEF
26
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE POLITICAL -UN - International court of justice (ICJ)

A
  • 15 judges in 9 year terms. each member of P5 has a judge.
  • court elects its own president and vice
  • based in The Hague in Netherlands
  • number of functions:
  • accordance with global law legal disputes submitted by member states
  • ICJ enjoys moral authority, most nation states are unwilling to question rulings
  • advisory opinions on legal questions referred nu UN agencies
  • settling border disputes
  • rules on maritime issues - territorial water, fishing
  • used more frequently,enjoy widespread support
27
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE POLITICAL -UN - ICJ weaknesses:

A
  • both parties must agree to having a jurisdiction by ICJ,
  • only 72 member signed optional clause, to accept rulings
  • ruling are theoretically binding, no way of enforcing rulings, only when peace and security are threatend
  • doesn’t deal with international criminal law human rights or humanitarian issues
  • ICJ can only deal with states not corporation NGO or individuals
28
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE POLITICAL - UN - Rulings of ICJ ignored..

A
  • 1980 iran condemend over seizure of US embassy
  • 2004 ruled against security fence erected by Israel around West Bank, Israel
  • 2015 Japan continue to hunt whales despite ruling
29
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE POLITICAL - North Atlantic treaty organisation (NATO)

A
  • collective security organisation
    -signed by USA,canada, France,italy,uk, west gemrnay and 10 west European states
    -protect from military threat of Soviet Union
  • support any state subject to military attack all member would defend (article 5)
    At the end of the Cold War, there is a question whether its needed or relevant.
30
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE POLITICAL - North Atlantic treaty organisation (NATO)

A
  • However the organisation expanded an welcomed new members from central and Eastern Europe and has 29 members
  • recent years there is threat from ISLAMIC TERRORISIM
31
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE POLITICAL - North Atlantic treaty organisation (NATO)

A

Involved in Kosovo to prevent massacre of local Muslim populations, not always successful.
Dealt with resurgent of Russia and nuclear weapons
Russian intervention in Crimea, was met by condemnation of NATO.

32
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE POLITICAL - North Atlantic treaty organisation (NATO)

A
  • only time article 5 invoked was after al Qaeda 9/11 attack, led to concentration by nato on meeting the threat of ISLAMIC terrorism and involvement in wars in afghganisatan, iraq and Libya.
  • howveer prolonged involvement, large expense,casualitites, question if NATO was suited to this form of intervention and whether NATO was fro semi imperialist purposes.
33
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE POLITICAL - North Atlantic treaty organisation (NATO)

A
  • it ha engaged in Anti -piracy in Somalia, protect shipping lanes
  • it has partnerships for peace with non member - Austria sweden Finland Ukraine and Georgia - look like they will become NATO’s future
  • purpose of NATO been transformed with greater emphasis on humanitarian intervention, crisis management peacemaking and terrorisim
34
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE POLITICAL - North Atlantic treaty organisation (NATO) strengths

A
  • most powerful and effective military organisation on planet advance military tech
  • act as humanitarian force in Bosnia and Kosovo
  • provides security to western states, non nato member had been invaded or suffered serious military attack
  • nato is heavily involved in war against terrorisim
  • nato continues to protect democracy,civil liberties, market economies of it’s members
  • NATO may sucsessfully prevent RUSSIA from recapturing territory
35
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE POLITICAL - North Atlantic treaty organisation (NATO) weaknesses

A
  • NATO has never engaged in military conflict involved an attack on a member state, questions its role as defence
  • USA Supplies 70% of their budget raised criticism,europe is dependent on USA fro security and oblige to their policy
  • NATO expansion into eastern Europe (Ukraine) has provoked Russia into seeing nato as a security threat and adopt a more aggressive and expansionist policy. SECURTIY DILEMMA
36
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE - ECONOMIC (IMF and WORLD BANK)

A
  • Bretton woods established rules for commercial and financial rules in US Canada western Europe Australia and Japan.
  • first example of fully negotiated momentary order.
  • need to dress lack of cooperation amongst countries to prevent competitive devaluation of currencies
37
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE - ECONOMIC (IMF and WORLD BANK) IMF STRENGTHS

A
  • loans to other state in needs reduces likelihood they will fail into recession (Greece Spain Portugal)
  • independently monitors national economics, identiy threats and opportunities while actin as a source one expertise
  • encourage reform their economics to a model that has derived high level of economic growth
  • prevent economic diffciutles spread from states to another
  • creates a framework which state can help another by pooling resources to help states in need
38
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE - ECONOMIC (IMF and WORLD BANK) IMF weaknesses

A
  • enforce a western dominated Neo liberal model all states irrespective of needs - one size fits
  • forces donor states into accepting SAP which do more harm than good - infringe national sovereignty
  • failed to prevent a number of global financial and economic crisis - like asian financial crisis
  • imf is undemocratic voting rights skewed toward larger donors, dominate working of imf
  • failed to check reckless global lending and borrowing and failed to anticipate 2008 financial crisis.
39
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE - ECONOMIC (IMF and WORLD BANK) World bank

A
  • aid the development of economics of developing word, reduce poverty by loan, assistance and funding
  • $20 billions of loan annually
40
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE - ECONOMIC (IMF and WORLD BANK) WB strengths

A
  • focused on human and social development funding specific development projects and providing technical assistance with local people, rather than SAPS
  • aims to reduce poverty boost shared prosperity by focus on Sustainable development goals, significant success
  • analytical work and research development and had is freely available to NGO and states
  • loans are often at low or no interest level, poor states receive grants not loans
41
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE - ECONOMIC (IMF and WORLD BANK) weakness of WB

A
  • some loans link to SAPS and conditionality
  • voting power is weighted to the wealthier powerful states
  • private investors offers large loans
  • loans are not always used well and have gone to corrupt leader
42
Q

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE - ECONOMIC - World Trade organisation

A
  • WTO established in 1995, member have right to trade with each other reduce trade barriers

Global governance - political and economic (1 decks)

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