Global Development General Terms Flashcards
Liberalism
Belief in individual freedom and equality. People should have the right to make their own choices.
Neoliberalism
Focuses on letting businesses and markets operate with less government control. The idea is that competition makes everything work better. Believe in only a handful of basic and simple rules. It’s a way of managing capitalism.
Socialism
The idea that the government or community should own resources and provide for everyone equally.
Post-Structuralism
Belief that things (like words or ideas) don’t have a fixed meaning. How we understand things depends on context and who has power.
Capitalism
A system where people and businesses own things and try to make money. Competition is important.
Keynesianism
The idea that when the economy is doing badly, the government should spend more money to help create jobs and boost the economy. They are constantly changing rules in hopes of pleasing society in their specific needs. It’s a way of managing capitalism.
Structuralism
A way of thinking that says our behaviors and beliefs are shaped by unseen systems, like language or culture.
Post-Structuralism
Takes structuralism further by saying that these systems (like culture or language) aren’t permanent. They can change and are shaped by power.
Orientalism
The idea that Western countries view and portray Eastern cultures (like Asia or the Middle East) in a stereotyped, often negative way, as being strange or less advanced.
Bureaucrat
A person who works for the government and helps run its programs by following rules.
Federalism
Power is shared between the national government and smaller local governments (like states or provinces).
Communism
A system where the government owns everything (land, factories, etc.), and there’s no private property. Everyone shares everything equally. (Russia)
Marxism
A philosophy by Karl Marx that says societies are divided by class, and the working class should overthrow the rich. It supports communism and equality for all.
Neoclassical economics
Believe the consumer’s perception of a product’s value is the driving factor in its price
Classical economics
Believe the most important factor in a product’s price is its cost of production
