Global Development Flashcards
1
Q
What is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country?
A
- The total value of goods and services a country produces in a year.
- It is a measure of wealth.
- It gets higher as a country develops.
2
Q
What is the GDP per capita?
A
- The GDP divided by the population of a country.
- It is a measure of wealth.
- It gets higher as a country develops.
3
Q
What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?
A
- This is a number that is calculated using data on: life expectancy, education level (years in education) and income per head.
- Each country has an HDI score between 0 and 1, with 1 being the most developed and 0 being the least developed.
4
Q
What is the corruption perceptions index (CPI)?
A
- A measure of the level of corruption that is believed to exist in the public sector on a scale from 1 to 100.
- The lower the score, the more corruption.
5
Q
Physical factors for global uneven development?
A
- If a country has a poor climate (really hot, really cold or really dry) not much will grow. This reduces the amount of food produced, which can lead to malnutrition and a poorer quality of life. People also have fewer crops to sell, so less money to spend on goods and services.
- Countries with few raw materials tend to make less money because they’ve got fewer products to sell. This means there is less to spend on development.
- Countries that have lots of natural disasters have to spend a lot of money rebuilding after disasters occur so there’s less money to spend on development.
6
Q
Historic factors for global uneven development?
A
- Countries that were colonised are often at a lower level of development when they gain independence than they would be if they were not colonised.
- European countries colonised much of Africa in the 19th century. They controlled the economies of their colonies, removed raw materials and slaves, and sold back expensive manufactured goods. This was bad for African as it made parts of Africa dependent on Europe, and led to famine.
7
Q
Economic factors for global uneven development?
A
- If a country has poor trade links it wont make a lot of money, so there will be less to spend on development.
- Very poor countries borrow money from other countries and internatial organisations, which leads to debt. Any money a country makes is used to pay back debt, so it isnt used to develop.
- Countries that mostly export primary products tend to be less developed. This is because you dont make much profit by selling primary products. Their prices also fluctuate - sometimes the price falls below the cost of production. This means people dont make much money, so the government has less to spend on development.
8
Q
Physical factors that have affected UK development?
A
- North and west of UK are more mountainous - colder, wetter climate - less productive farming.
- Mountainous terrain - more diffucult to develop infrastructure - more expensive and time consuming to transport goods and people to these locations - fewer industry and jobs.
- People tend to have less money - local councils have less to spend on development.
9
Q
Historic factors that have affected UK development?
A
- London get lots of investment - UK’s capital city - positively impacts surrounding regions (e.g. south east)
- De-industrialisation - greater negative impact in the north - growth of post-industrial services benefits south
- Some areas e.g. north east have struggled to develop alternative industries, so unemployment is high and wages are low.
10
Q
Economic factors that have affected UK development?
A
- Better transportation networks in south than in the north.
- London is a global financial centre - 4 times as many jobs as other cities in the UK - highest average income.
- Government policies such as investment in new infrastructure and tech has increase economic growth in some areas.
11
Q
Uneven development effect on housing?
A
- People may not be able to afford to buy a house
- May not b e enough houses for everyone
- Slum housing often has no services - poor quality of life
- Lack of building regulations in poorer countries means poor quality housing
12
Q
Uneven development effect on health?
A
- In some less developed countries, lack of clean water and poor health care mean that many people suffer from diseases
- This can lead to lower life expectancies
- Easier for wealthier people to get access to quality healthcare and healthy food.
- Infant mortality is also much higher in less developed countries
13
Q
Uneven development effect on technology?
A
14
Q
Uneven development effect on water security?
A
15
Q
Uneven development effect on employment?
A
16
Q
Uneven development effect on food security?
A
17
Q
Economic positive impacts of rapid development in India?
A
- More companies means a greater income from tax for the Indian government.
- More money to spend on developing Indias infrastructure, services and goods.
- More jobs available (between 2011 and 2014 Indias daily wages increased by about 18%)
18
Q
Social positive impacts of rapid development in India?
A
- People have more money to improve their life e.g. access to clean water and healthcare.
- Some TNCs run programs to help development in India. Companies might help people in rural villages to become entrepreneurs by providing products for them so sell.
19
Q
Environmental positive impacts of rapid development in India?
A
- Increased income from economic development means people can afford to protect the environment.
- Since 1990 India’s forest cover has stopped to decline and began to grow.
20
Q
Economic negative impacts of rapid development in India?
A
- There is a “brain drain” on rural areas, as educated people move to cities to find work.
- Some profits from TNC’s leave india - many TNC’s are based in Europe.
- TNC’s many move around India to take advantage of local government incentives. Some countries have been accused of closing factories in ceratin areas once local tax breaks ended.
