Global Determinants Of Health, Intro to Epidemiological Study Designs Flashcards
What is Population science?
Study of People and Populations
What are the 3 Causes and 3 Consequences
Causes:
Epidemiology: Study of disease in populations
Demography: Study of size and shape of populations
Statistics: Study of data in numerical form
Consequences:
Public Health
Health Promotion
Disease Prevention
Define Epidemiology
The study of the distribution and determinants of health related states, and the application of this study to the control of health problems
What are the 4 stages of the Demographic Transition Model
What are their characteristics in terms of birth/death rates and pop. Growth
1: Pre-Transition
- High birth rates, High fluctuating death rates
- Low population Growth
2: Early Transition
- Birth rate stays high, Death rate begins to fall
- Rapid Population growth
3: Late Transition
- Birth rate starts declining
- Population growth slows down
4: Post-Transition
- Low Birth, Death rates
- Negligible population growth
What factors affect Population Health?
Name 3 of these
Socio-Demographic factors
- Demographic Transition
- Economic Transition
- Behavioural and Lifestyle factors
What factors affect Burden of Disease, Disability and Ageing
Name 3 of these
Population Factors
- Age sex specific rates
- Population size
- Population shape
What do we use to make inferences about populations
What 3 things should this be, with respect to the population
Samples
- Unbiased
- Precise
- Representative
What are the 3 Global Determinants of Health
Global Warming
Socio-Demographic Factors
Population Factors
Define Evidence Based Medicine
Conscientious, Judicious and Explicit use of Current Best Evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients
What 3 things influence choosing the appropriate treatment for a patient
Clinical experience on the condition
External evidence
Patient’s concerns/ values
Compare the processes in Deductive and Empirical approaches
Deductive:
Identify the basic processes
Deduce the best procedures
Apply to clinical situation
Empirical:
Identify the basic processes
Postulate alternative procedures
Experimentally test ideas
What’re 2 types of studies
Qualitative
Quantitative- Observational and Experimental
What are the 2 best methods of obtaining evidence
Systematic review of random trials
Then
Randomised control trials
Name 2 Epidemiological Study Design
Compare their sub-studies
Analytical:
- Cohort studies—> Analysis can be rate OR odds ratio
- Case control study—> Analysis can ONLY be odds ratio
Descriptive:
- Ecological study—> Unit of analysis is groups
- Cross sectional study—> Unit of analysis is individuals
Compare Descriptive and Analytical Epidemiology
Descriptive: Sampling to infer back to population
Rarely achieve a perfect sample
Analytical: To compare “like for like” samples
Rarely achieve “like for like’ samples
