Global climate

Question 1

Thermosphere -

Answer 1

a virtual vacuum; rise in absorbed energy due to energised short wave radiation.

Question 2

Stratosphere -

Answer 2

lacks dust and water vapour; stable; thin; increase in temperature with its height due to absorption of solar radiation.

Question 3

Mesosphere -

Answer 3

temperatures decrease because decreasing density prevents the absorption of energy

Question 4

Enhanced Greenhouse effect

Answer 4

Enhanced Greenhouse effect

sometimes referred to as climate change or global warming, is theimpacton the climate from the additional heat retained

Question 5

Long-wave Radiation

Answer 5

Long-wave radiation (infra-red) is either absorbed by the green house gases or re-radiated back to the earth’s surface

Question 6

Convection-

Answer 6

Convection-

the transfer of heat by the movement of gas or liquid

Question 7

Conduction-

Answer 7

Conduction-

Conductionis the movement of heat through a substance by the collision of molecules

Question 8

Greenhouse effect-

Answer 8

Greenhouse effect-

the trapping of the sun’s warmth in a planet’s lower atmosphere,

Question 9

Albedo

Answer 9

Warming -
Less snow cover
Darker surface
More absorption

Cooling -
More snow cover
Lighter surface
More reflection

Question 10

Solar constant 
(Sunspots)

Answer 10

Warming-
More radiation is released
More sunspots
More insolation is received

Cooling-
Less radiation is released
Less sunspots
Less in

Question 11

Distance from sun

Answer 11

Warming-
The closer the earth is to the sun the more radiation it will receive.
Circular orbits are associated with warmer periods

Cooling-
The further away from the sun the less radiation the earth will receive.

Elliptical orbits are associated with more extreme weather as the summers are warmer and the winters are cooler.

Question 12

Volcanic eruptions

Answer 12

Volcanic eruptions

Warming-
When one erupts as it releases lots of CO2 trapping more isolation

Question 13

Dimming-

Answer 13

Particulates absorb solar energy and reflect sunlight back into space. The pollutants can also become nuclei for cloud droplets. This causes cooling

Question 14

Positive feedback`

Answer 14

Positive feedback loops increase the temperature of the earth

Question 15

Negative feedback

Answer 15

Negative feedback loops are when the increase of greenhouse gasses lead to more snow fall and more plant growth due to the CO2.

Question 16

Risk

Answer 16

• The probability of an event causing harmful consequences.

Question 17

Vulnerability

Answer 17

• the susceptibility of a community to a hazard or to the impacts of a hazard event

Question 18

Perception

Answer 18

• the views of different people on a risk

Question 19

Resilience

Answer 19

• the degree to which people can cope with a risk

Question 20

Different negotiations

Answer 20

1972 Stockholm - sustainable development
1992 earth summit Rio - green diplomacy
1995 yearly summit COP - united nations framework of climate change
1997 Kyoto protocol - 37 industrialized countries 5.2% reduction of CO2 compared to 1990, China and India had no restriction as they were developing.

Question 21

Different negotiations : 2

Answer 21

22009 Cop - non binding agreement to keep climate change under 2C, but didn’t say how to do it
2011 Durban platform for enhanced action, cop - countries such as china and USA singing a legally binding agreement to reduce emissions.
2015 Paris cop 21 - aims to secure first legally binding agreement to stop a 2C climate change