GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY Flashcards
A proposed epoch dating from the commencement of significant human impact on Earth’s geology and ecosystems
Anthropocene
12,000–15,000 years ago was the beginning of?
Agricultural Revolution
When was the invention of the steam engine and what did it signify?
1780, Industrial Revolution
short term firmness in position, permanence and
resistance to change, especially in disruptive way
Stability
long term capacities of a system to exist,
not its short term resistance to change
Sustainability
premised on the idea of making everyone live and
consume like a typical Western does
Western centric globalization
The continuous commodification of the
world’s resources from water to air, from minerals to
forest lands under the current economic system
would exhaust the world’s finite.
TRUE
The current trend points to the global race to the bottom
with regards to wages and corporate tax rates.
TRUE
being considered as an alternative method of global
sustainable development.
Degrowth
a Bolivian concept of giving Mother Earth
and all creatures an inalienable “Right”. This is the first law that granted nature with rights equal to humans. This relabels the nation’s mineral deposits as “Blessings” to come. It empowered communities to monitor industrial polluters and culminated in the establishments of a relevant ministry that will prioritize the protection of
environment without stopping all industrialization schemes
Pachamama Socialism
to build a new form of public coexistence, in diversity and in harmony with nature, to achieve a good way of living. It is a way of doing things that is community centric, ecologically balanced and culturally
sensitive.
Buen Vivir
This call is for a system that prioritizes people over profit, communities over
corporations, and environment over economic growth.
Buen Vivir
This idea is best captured by the statement: “live simply so that others may simply live”
Buen Vivir
Offer a perspective into the challenges and opportunities that confront the contemporary world
Global Trends
The current model of economic growth and activity operate on the notion of a linear direction of profit, on the desire to constantly achieve a state of equilibrium in the interplay of costs and gains, and on the assumption that market forces typically rotate around the need to be stable.
TRUE
it considers firms as the most important actors for welfare creation in national economies, since they provide innovations and new products.
Varieties of Capitalism
To achieve their goals they need access to resources, to mention the most fundamental ones — capital, labour and skills. This access is not always easy due to risk and uncertainty which concern almost every transaction in
an economy.
Varieties of Capitalism
Characterized by dynamic access to resources, which means, that it is
relatively inexpensive to change conditions of transactions or resign from it.
Liberal Market Economy
Capital is derived often from stock markets, where assets can quickly
change owners and their value is estimated by price mechanisms.
Liberal Market Economy
The labour market is also shaped by dynamic relations, where hire and fire
is relatively easy due to limited regulation. If firms perceive the market
situation bad they simply lay off workers, but if prospects are promising
they quickly employ.
Liberal Market Economy
Individuals and potential workers invest in their knowledge and then
sell it to firms. However, due to flexibility of the labour market they
tend to choose transferable skill profiles, since they must consider
their chances and balance the promise of getting a high salary for
unique skills with the risk of remaining unemployed.
Liberal Market Economy
Transactions are more stable and long term oriented. Capital is provided
by banks which create loyalty based relations with firms, thus the access is
‘patient’.
Coordinated Market Economy
The labour market is characterized by long term contracts and relatively
low differences in wage levels.
Coordinated Market Economy
Skills are produced rather in companies, which invest their own capital in
order to create a set of specific, rare qualifications fitting ideally into their
product profile. Since workers get employed for a longer time this kind of
an investment makes sense.
Coordinated Market Economy
Japan and Germany have been considered as typical examples of
CME. Their institutional comparative advantage is found in branches,
which demand very specialized skills and are based on incremental
innovations. They do not compete with low costs, but rather high
quality. This is something that we can easily observe in German and
Japanese factories for cars or sophisticated machines.
Coordinated Market Economy
in innovation cycle, they drive the global system with their new technologies and rising productivity
Liberal Market Economy
in innovation cycle, they immigrate to LMEs, which offer higher salaries.
Coordinated Market Economy
when the wave of innovations calms, they make their own job by integrating the latest technologies into sophisticated production regimes and
providing the global market with mature, high quality products and also well-educated workers.
Coordinated Market Economy
after making own jobs of cme , they are now enabled to shift resources to new experiments and
prepare a new wave of innovations
Liberal Market Economy
Growing population and associated food consumption is fueling
biodiversity loss on an unprecedented scale, with 40 percent of the world’s
once-forested land now cleared for human agriculture and settlements.
TRUE
Ecosystems on land and in the ocean are being devastated by plastic
packaging – a large percentage of which comes from food and beverage
products.
TRUE
the availability at all times of
adequate world food supplies of basic foodstuffs to sustain a steady expansion of food consumption and to offset fluctuations in production and prices
Food Security defined by UN World Food Conference
it exists ‘when all people, at all times, have
physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food
preferences for an active and healthy life
Food Security
who identified the four key pillars of food security
Food and Agriculture Organization
what are the four key pillars of food security
Availability
Access
Utilization
Stability
it takes place at production, post harvest, processing stages, distribution
Food loss
it happens at retail consumption
Food waste
addresses the “supply side” of food security and is determined by the level of food production, stock levels and net trade.
Food Availability
An adequate supply of food at the national or international level does not in itself guarantee household level food security. Concerns about insufficient food access have resulted in a greater policy focus on incomes, expenditure, markets and prices in achieving food security objectives.
Food Access
commonly understood as
the way the body makes the most of
various nutrients in the food.
Food Utilization
Sufficient energy and nutrient intake by individuals is the result of good care and feeding practices, food preparation, diversity of the diet and intra-household distribution of food. Combined with good biological utilization of food consumed, this determines the nutritional status of individuals.
TRUE
Supply side, accessibility, utilization in the long run
Food Stability
Long-term or persistent and occurs when people are unableto meet their minimum food
requirements over a sustained
period of time.
Chronic Food Insecurity
Results from extended periods of poverty, lack of assets and inadequate access to productive or financial resources.
Chronic Food Insecurity
Short-term or temporary occurs when there is a sudden drop in the ability to produce or access
enough food to maintain a good
nutritional status.
Transitory Food Insecurity
Results from short-term shocks and fluctuations in food availability and food access, including year-to-year variations in domestic food production, food process and household incomes.
Transitory Food Insecurity
collection of 17 global goals designed to be a “blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all.”
Sustainable Development Goals
