Global chapter 8 Flashcards
a desert dwelling Arab nomad
bedouin
a city in western Saudi Arabia birthplace of Muhammad; viewed by Muslims as the prophet of Islam and the most holy city for Islamic people
mecca
the most sacred temple of Islam, located at Mecca.
Kaaba
final destination of Muhammad’s hijra and the home of the first community of Muslims; later renamed Medina; located in the North west of Saudi Arabia
Yathrib
Muhmammad’s journey from mecca to medina
hijra
Muslim house of worship
mosque
believe that inspo came from the example of Muhammad as recorded by his early followers
sunni
believe the descendants of Muhammad’s daughter and son in law are true Muslim leaders
shiite
Muslim mystic who seeks communion with God through Meditation
Sufi
capital city of Iraq capital of Muslim empire during Islam golden age.
Baghdad
slender tower of a mosque from which muslims are called to prayer.
minaret
Muslim ruler
sultan
the ability to move in social class
social mobility
a member of a Turkish speaking nomadic people who migrated from central Asia to northwest Asia minor.
ottoman
capital of ottoman empire, formerly called constantinople when it was the center of the eastern Roman empire.
Istanbul
a member of the elite forces of the ottoman army
janizary
shiite Muslim dynasty that ruled present day Iran
Safavid
capital of Safavid empire located in present day Iran
Isfahan
member of the dynasty that ruled present day Iran
Qajar
capital of the qajar dynasty and present day Iran
Tehran
successor to Muhammad
Caliph
Umayyad
dynasty of Sunni caliphs that ruled the Muslim empire. Directed conquests that extended Arab rule from Spain and Morocco into the Indus river valley
abbasid
dynasty that ruled in bagdad. tried to create an empire based on the equality of all Muslims
firdawsi
Muslim poet that made shah Namath or book of kings, he used Arab script. He centered his writing on the stories of royalty and heroes
abu bakr
Muhammad’s father in law and first Muslim caliph. advised Muhammad and traveled on the hijra with the prohpet. He united Muslims and the empire exapanded.
Omar Khayyam
known as a poet who crafted many rubaiyats, or quatrains, He contributed to the development of algebra and helped improve Muslim calender.
Muhammad
merchant who introduced Islam to southwest Asia, spent his life spreading Islam. Today, Muslims honor Muhammad as God’s final prophet.
Ibn Rushd
known as Averroes, philosopher and scientist who lived in Cordoba and influenced European thought. Put all knowledge except the Quran to the test of reason. Contributed to the study of diseases.
Ibn Khaldun
Arab thinker who established the principles of many branches of knowledge. Known for the development of standards for studying and writing about history, explained in “Muqaddimah”. Introduced many economic concepts relating to labor, profits, and supply on demand.
Al Khwarizmi
Muslim mathematician who developed concepts related to the study of algebra. Introduced Europeans to this branch of math and supervised the production of one of the earliest maps..
Muhammad al Razi
Muslim physician who pioneered study of many diseases. He wrote texts about medicine and held the position of chief physician
Ibn SIna
known as Avicenna, persian physician who wrote the canon on medicine, which focused on past medical practices. He wrote other topics as well, including philosophy, math, and astronomy.
ottoman
turkish speaking dynasty who spread across Asia minor and into eastern europes’ Balkan peninsula.
suleiman
sultan of ottoman empire who ruled from 1520 to 1566. He brought bureaucracy and stability to the empire and advanced the arts, law, and architecture.
safavid
dynasty that had united an empire in Persia. Engaged in warfare and were shiite Muslims who enforced their belief in their empire.
Shah Abbas the great
shah of Safavid. Drove ottoman and Uzbek troops from Persia and sponsered a golden age of Persian arts and achievement.
