Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Global Change > Global Change Impacts On Crops > Flashcards

Global Change Impacts On Crops Flashcards

1
Q

Write everything bout botany basics

A

The fundamental conditions for photosynthesis is sunlight, H2O, CO2 and nutrients . The process has by products of O2 .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True /False : about 90% of the water taken out by plants are used for the Exchange of co2

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where do plants gaseous exchanges occur ?

A

In the stomata pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Wha t are the global environmental change impacts that affect the primary functions of plants

A

Increased CO2 levels ( which have increased by 50% since industry)
Increased temperature
Air quality
Altered level of soil nutrient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Crop yield trends and food availability .

A

Let’s take wild wheat before technological interventions most of its biomass was found below ground ( to protect it from pest infestations , increased nutrient and competition . However for it to efficient enough for food modifications happened and the ABG was much more than the below ground and the farmer takes care of pests , fertilizes and removes weeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True/false : there has been a steady increase over time in crop yield over time due to improved crops and agricultural practices.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True or false: the highest global production is for maize, wheat and rice and they account for almost 50% of global human calorie intake

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True or false: Cereal crop production is increasing more rapidly that population . What is the reason for your answer

A

True. This increase in production is largely caused by increase in yield and only a small increase in land used for cereal production. This can be can be attributed to more production per square meter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True or false:there is a decrease in land need to produce crops ( meaning less land is required to produce more food )

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why has there been a decline in undernourishment globally especially in developed countries before 2015.

A

This can be attributed to food security (advancement in agriculture technology making food more available) and improvement in health care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What caused this decline in undernourishment to cease around 2015?

A

Food security reduced and this because of the climate, economic shocks, conflicts , political instability , disruption s in global trade (eg. War in Ukraine/Covid-19).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or false: The decrease in undernourishment decline may not be directly linked to decline in production but rather an inequity in distribution.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

OBSERVED IMPACT 1 ON CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON CROP PRODUCTION
How does human induced warming affect / slow down plant growth over the ?

A

When it is warm plant stomata close to conserve water , this prevents the plant from absorbing CO2 which is crucial to photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

OBSERVED IMPACT 1 ON CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON CROP PRODUCTION
How does human induced warming affect / slow down plant growth over the ?

A

When it is warm plant stomata close to conserve water , this prevents the plant from absorbing CO2 which is crucial to photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

OBSERVED IMPACT 2 ON CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON CROP PRODUCTION
Crop yields affected by surface ozone .

A

While ozone high up in the atmosphere protects us from harmful UV , surface level ozone is not as favorable. It affects plant tissues and reduces the ability for crops to grow properly because it interferes with photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

OBSERVED IMPACT 3 ON CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON CROP PRODUCTION:
Warming is affect crop quality and harvest stability.

A

As the planet warm up , crops can undergo heat stress( because they reduced nutritional value of crops). It also pbrcomes hard to predict rainfall Patterns and farmers find it hard to predict growing seasons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

OBSERVED IMPACT 4ON CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON CROP PRODUCTION.
At low altitudes temperature thresholds are being exceeded leading to heat stress.

A

In lower altitude areas like in the tropics , temperatures are increasing higher than the norm and the threshold in certain species are being exceeded cause them have difficulty growing properly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True /false : drought , and marine heatwaves contribute to reduced food availability and increased food prices

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

OBSERVED IMPACT 5ON CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON CROP PRODUCTION
Competition for land, energy and water exacerbates impacts of climate change on food security.

A

As population increases the demand for critical resources also increases . There is more demand for land (for crops, humans , animals , energyy crops etc. ) ,energy ( for agricultural production, humans , industrial production),and water .

20
Q

What are some of the projected impacts of climate change on food production?

A

Climate change will render some food production areas unsuitable.
Climate change will increase the number of people at risk of hunger esp. in areas like , south east Asia, sub Saharan Africa,Central America

21
Q

True or false: observed climate change hot extremes are being seen in almost all regions ( very little variation )

A

True

22
Q

Which two climate change components have the largest impact globally ?

A

Drought and extreme heat have the largest impact globally. (Eg , heat and drought impacts in 2022)

23
Q

Which two climate change global components have the smallest impacts

A

Floods and cold temperatures( globally this may have small impacts but maybe very significant locally/regionally(eg. Floods in Pakistan which cause severe crop losses and affected 33mil.ppl)

24
Q

True or false: although yields are expected to increase from agricultural technological advancements potential yields are going to be decreased progressively due to warmer and drier climate

A

True

25
Q

Change in cropping frequency even in the SSP1 scenarios decreases globally except in the northern regions . What is cropping frequency ?

A

This means that even though not much energy is stored in the atmosphere cropping frequency will change (the number of times crops are grown and harvested on the same land within a year) .

26
Q

Change in cropping frequency even in the SSP1 scenarios decreases globally except in the northern regions . What is cropping frequency ?

A

This means that even though not much energy is stored in the atmosphere cropping frequency will begin to decrease (the number of times crops are grown and harvested on the same land within a year) .

27
Q

What is crop Caloric production and what factors does it depend on ?

A

Crop caloric production refers to the total amount of calories produced from crops annually. And it is dependent on cropping frequency, crop horned and crop land area.

28
Q

What is meant by pests and diseases are moving poleward at 2.8km since 1960?

A

As climate change advances , global temperatures rise at higher latitudes and places that were too cold before begin to warm up and have suitable conditions for certain pests and diseases.

29
Q

Why is that in cooler areas moderate warming has positive effects.

A

This will mean that farmers can extend growing seasons imcreasing yield.
Temperatures Within a suitable range (that below tolerance threshold ) can boost photosynthesis.
Improved soil conditions from increased microbial activities

30
Q

Why is that there is medium confidence in the observed impact that human -induced warming has slowed growth of agricultural productivity.

A

This is because part of climate change is increased levels of CO2 ,which is a critical part of photosynthesis . And if in high levels Maury cause plants to grow quicker . In some regions CO2 rise effect maybe lower than warming and vice versa.

31
Q

True or false: Co2 is likely to cause plants to grow quicker but the result of that would be reduced nutrient content

A

True.

32
Q

CO2 increase induces positive photosynthesis increase in all plants except C4 plants why?

A

This is because C4 are very efficient in using co2 and after a while the C4 plant reaches saturation ( meaning that elevated co2 concentration no longer increases photosynthesis )

33
Q

There are two reactions plants get to increased levels of CO2

A

Increased photosynthesis and partial stomata closure

34
Q

What is partial stomata closing

A

This is when the plants partially close their Stomata due to high levels of Co2 , conserving water and limiting co2 uptake reducing the plants overall efficiency.

35
Q

What happens to crops when they grow quickly in highly elevated Co2 levels?

A

There is a decrease in Nutrient content , especially protein nutrients like zinc and iron.

36
Q

Ground level ozone impacts shown for wheat

A

Damages plant tissues which ultimately cause yield loss

37
Q

What is a yield constraint score and what is affected most by

A

Yield constraint score is a measure of the factors the limit I reduce the potential crop yield. And the top three are drought and heat stress,pests and diseases and ozone

38
Q

What are some of the potentials for increasing global food production.

A

Fertilization and irrigation : but doing so can increase eutrophication I streams and lake, and may cause water shortages (in some regions(cape Erie) excess fertilization does not increase yieldsd)
Using crop land more for human food : more than half of human caloric intake comes from plants however a chunk of crops produced feed animals and some a re sued for bio fuels.
By reducing food waste: select crop varieties that have longer shelf life,, improve harvesting techniques to get quality long shelf life products with limited physical damage, have optimum storage conditions to ensure longer shelf life , process food with less moisture for longer shelf life, improve for transportation to ensure quick and safe allowing the food to get to consumers long before expiry

39
Q

What are some importance of crop protection ?

A

Crop yields would have been way lower without crop protection

40
Q

What is the biggest crop protection strategy ?

A

The removal/handling of weeds

41
Q

What are some farmer adaptation strategies that increase crop production

A

Cultivar selection (that refers to choosing crops that are better suited to current climate conditions).
Fertilization
Irrigation
Maintaining or increasing soil organic matter ( which helps with water retention ,increase nutrient content )

42
Q

True or false : about 25% to 30% of global green house gas emissions come from food/agricultural systems and a chunk of it comes from land conversion

A

True .

43
Q

True or false not all food is equal in terms of nutrient content and emissions

A

True

44
Q

True or false about 90% of energy is lost in each step of the food web

A

True

45
Q

Note that beef although has the highest emissions for production these emissions vary from ?

A

How the beef was raised determines how much emissions are released .

Global Change (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions