Global Challenges Flashcards
What is Human Development Index (HDI)?
A program generated by the UNDP or United Nations Development program. It is a statistical measurement that includes education, life expectancy and average income. It measure the basic factors that individuals need to contribute to society.
Do Developing countries have a high HDI or a low HDI?
A low HDI
To enable a comparison between countries, Which range of methods have been used to try and measure the development between countries?
Indicators such as quantitative or qualitative factors that produce a simple means to reflect that changes connected to an intervention
What are Quantitative Indicators? Give examples of what it can measure.
A numerical measurement of something that can be counted or quantified.
Eg. Energy consumption, Availability of services, Infant mortality rate and Life expectancy
What is a Qualitative Indicator? Give examples
A quality that can be used as a basis for comparison between places or things, and which is not easily measured or quantified, such as freedom and happiness.
Eg. Low stress levels, Social disharmony and Traffic congestion
What is a formal sector?
A sector which encompasses all jobs with normal hours and regular wages
What is an Informal sector?
A Sector which encompasses all jobs which are not recognised as normal income sources, Illegal.
What is a factor?
A circumstance, fact or influence that contributes to a result
List the Common Characteristics of poor/Developing countries
Poverty and Indebtedness
Low Per capita rate- Average income of the people in a country
Low life expectancy at birth
Poor health and low access to health services
High infant mortality rates
What are the two factors affecting the rate of development
Internal Factors
and
External Factors
List some Internal Factors.
Resource base Political instability Population growth Environmental degradation Compounding the problems
List some external factors.
The legacy of history Debt burdens Trade imbalance Transnational corporations (TNCs) Militarization Dependency on development assistance
What is Cultural Integration (C.I)?
Cultural integration concerns the adoption of a mass consumer culture. It is also seen as a threat to national sovereignty and cultural diversity.
It is about accepting or rejecting the processes of change described as globalisation.
What is National Identity?
National Identity is the depiction of a country as a whole, encompassing its culture, traditions, language and politics
Define Homogenisation.
Homogenisation in relation to culture is a state where one culture becomes similar to another
Define Sovereignty.
Sovereignty is the supreme, unrestricted power to govern a state
What is Cultural diffusion?
Cultural diffusion is the dispersion or spread of different cultural elements, ideas and knowledge between cultures.
What is Cultural Adaption?
Cultural adaptation is an alteration to a culture to integrate aspects of another culture
What is Cultural Adoption?
Cultural adoption is the acceptance and integration of different cultural elements as if they were your own
Examples of Cultural Adoption?
Examples are:
Hip Hop
Roots: 1970s black parties in NYC
A reflection of the streets
Deeply rooted with ancient African culture and oral
tradition
Arithmetically spoken, rhyming words of an uttered
beat.
K-Pop
Consists of dance, hip hop and electronic
compositions
Has become a subculture among teenagers and
young adults in Asia
The Australian Context
Origins: 1980s, Influenced by American hip hop
Artists have also adopted characteristics from
London reggae rap
How has the Media Environment changed for today’s teenagers?
Media environment has changed for today’s teenagers as they do not need to chase down consumers, as the consumers tell the world what they like through social media
What is Globalisation?
is one of the most controversial issues to be debated in the humanities and social sciences today. Globalisation emphasizes difference and increases diversity through the acceleration of adopting, adapting and diffusing cultural practices and ideas.
Example of Globalisation in Food.
Fast food
Starbucks which is commonly known worldwide
The fast food industry has transformed the dietary
habits, shaped the lifestyle of people. Eg.
Mcdonalds changes its menu for each country.
Example of Globalisation in Brands
….
Examples of Globalisation in Sport
…..
Example of Globalisation in Music
…..
What is the birth rate?
The birth rate refers to the amount of live births per 1000 people.
What is the death rate?
The death rate refers to the amount of deaths per 1000 people.
How do you calculate the rate of natural increase?
Birth rate - death rate
( 10 ) %
Define the term migration:
seasonal movement of animals from one region to another.
What is
Internal migration:
Moving to a new home within a state, country or continent
External migration:
moving to a new home in a different state, country or continent
Immigration
Moving into a new country.
Rural-urban Migration
This involves the movement of people from rural areas or countrysides to urban areas of the same country in search of new opportunities and lifestyles.
Seasonal Migration:
sometimes people move during specific seasons such as crop harvesting and climate to work then go back when the season is over.
Return Migration
This involves the voluntary return of migrants to their original place after they outlive the reasons for which they left. Often times, young people who move into the cities to work return home when they retire to spend the rest of their lives in the quiet of their towns and with old friends and family.
What does contract migration refer to?
Contract migration refers to the process in which an individual will migrate to another country for a set period of time due to educational or employment purposes.
Why do students migrate from their country of origin to study?
the international movement of students around the world is an ongoing type of population movement. Large numbers of students from both developed and developing countries now study at schools and universities throughout the world. After their student visa or exchange program has been completed, the individual will return to their country or origin for employment.
What does business migration refer to?
The globalisation of economic activity has been accompanied by the growth in the international movement of highly qualified executives and professionals. An increasing number of firms are sending personnel to work on overseas firms or joint ventures.
advantages and disadvantages of labour migration
Advantages: potential for migrants job creation in the home country is the preferred option relives unemployment Disadvantages: labor shortages facility morbidity shortage of shortage migration
Define Culture:
The way of life of a group of people including customs, art and etc.
Define Integration.
The process of amalgamating or combining together
List ways in which culture can be spread
The Media Brand images Food Music Religion Sport Fashion
What caused the spread of culture worldwide?
Advancements in technology (Internet and Transport)
Travelling and migration
How have advancements in Technology influenced C.I?
through the creation of a ‘Global Village’. Transport cost has also gone down in price which makes it more accessible to trade. As a result countries can trade goods and services between countries. Example: Tuna caught on a boast in North Atlantic may be served the next day at a sushi restaurant in Japan.
Music and C.I.
Due to rapid development in technology music has been spreading quickly. Western popular and rock music has spread into the developing world. Music has spread from non-western countries around the world. Eg. K-Pop- PSY
Sport and C.I
90% of sports played in Australia are not Australian. Netball is an example of Cultural adaption and diffusion. The game was adapted from basketball in the US in the late 1800s and has spread to a variety of countries globally.
Define Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
When farming can supply for itself.
What factors cause a decline in the HDI of a country?
Reduced health and educational services
Political interference
War
Disease
List the factors affecting C.I
Technological change Global economy Global Media networks Actions of Government TNCs Imperialism
Examples of Homogenised landscapes in Australia
Nan Tien Temple, Berkley, NSW
Mosque, Surry Hills, China Town
Define monoculture
One culture that dominates the world
Effects of C.I
Homogenised landscapes Economic domiance and dependence Threats to cultural diversity and sovereignty Land ownership Shrinking of time and space
