Global

Question 1

Divine right

Answer 1

the idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God’s representative on Earth.

Question 2

Catherine the great

Answer 2

continued westernization in Russia, imported french philosophers, gave more power to nobility to punish serfs, encouraged exploration.

Question 2

Peter the great

Answer 2

one of Russia’s greatest reformers. Dragged Russia out of medieval times. Created the Navy and modernized army.

Question 3

Phillip ll

Answer 3

inherited Spain, the spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies. He centralized power and reduced noble’s influence. He fell because of military defeats.

Question 4

Louis xiv

Answer 4

most powerful ruler in French history, in his view he and the state were one and the same. Became King at 5, took control of government at 23. The Sun king

Question 5

Constitution

Answer 5

a set of rules that guide an area. Talks about rights of citizens and branches of government.

Question 6

Parliament

Answer 6

legislative body of government that makes laws.

Question 7

Representative democracy

Answer 7

a form of government where citizens elect representatives to make decisions.

Question 8

John locke

Answer 8

philosopher who believed that people could learn from experience and improve themselves. He criticized absolute monarchy and favored the idea of self government. He believed in human rights.

Question 9

Thomas hobbes

Answer 9

English political thinker who expresses his views in “Leviathan”. Civil war caused him to believe people are naturally selfish and wicked. Natural state would have chaos so there is a need for monarchy and strict government/laws.

Question 10

Jean jacques rousseau

Answer 10

3rd great philosopher committed to individual freedom. Argued that civilization corrupted people’s natural goodness. “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.”

Question 11

Natural law

Answer 11

system of law based on an observation of natural order and human nature.

Question 11

Baron de montesquieu

Answer 11

French writer devoted himself to the study of political liberty. Believed that Britain was the best governed and most politically balanced country.

Question 12

Natural rights

Answer 12

all people are born free and qual in life, liberty, and property. (If there was no gvmt)

Question 13

Laissez faire

Answer 13

no taxes, regulations, or tariffs.

Question 14

Adam smith

Answer 14

British thinker who believed that individuals acting in their own self-interest create economic process. Wants end of mercantilism and believes countries can get wealthy by being exporters and importers within a free market system.

Question 15

Capitalism

Answer 15

private owners own the means of production.

Question 16

Thomas malthus

Answer 16

English economist who believed population growth will tend to outrun the food supply and humankind is better with reproduction limits.

Question 17

Estates general

Answer 17

assembly of representatives from all 3 estates.

Question 18

Louis xvi

Answer 18

king of France who couldn’t keep up with the debt he put himself through funding wars and his wife Marie Antoinette.

Question 19

Bourgeoisie

Answer 19

first group in third estate(higher middle class). Lacked privileges and payed high taxes but were very wealthy

Question 20

San culottes

Answer 20

lower class people who despise the government

Question 21

Jacobins

Answer 21

radical political organization

Question 22

Declaration of the rights of man

Answer 22

National Assembly adopted it to reflect the influence of the Declaration of Independence. (Men are born and remain free and equal in rights).

Question 23

Tennis court oath

Answer 23

3rd estate delegates pledge to stay at the Tennis court until new constitution was drawn up.

Question 24

Reign of terror

Answer 24

when Robespierre ruled and enabled french citizens by terrorizing them and threatening them by using the guillotine.

Question 25

Robespierre

Answer 25

Jacobin leader who slowly gained power. Harsh ways of guillotining enemies. Wipes france’s past and changes the calendar. Leader of committee of public safety and became dictator

Question 26

Concordat of 1801

Answer 26

an agreement between Napoleon and Pope Pius Vll that the government recognizes the influence of the church but rejects church control in national affairs.

Question 27

Napoleonic code

Answer 27

Napoleon’s system of laws that eliminated many injustices. In limited liberty and promoted order and authority over individual rights. The freedom of speech was restricted under the code. The code restored some slavery in places.

Question 28

Urbanization

Answer 28

city building and the migration of people to cities.

Question 29

Communist manifesto

Answer 29

karl marx’s book that says proletariat should rise up and take over means of production from the Bourgeoisie.

Question 30

Proletariat

Answer 30

have nots, workers, poor

Question 31

Labor unions

Answer 31

workers joining together in voluntary labor associations to press for reforms.

Question 32

Creoles

Answer 32

Spaniards born in Latin America. Below peninsulares. Couldnt hold office but could rise as officers in Spanish colonial armies.

Question 33

Peninsulares

Answer 33

top of Spanish American society, people born in Spain. Could hold hgh office in spanish colonial government.

Question 34

Mestizos

Answer 34

persons of mixed European and Indian ancestry.

Question 35

Mulattoes

Answer 35

persons of mixed European and African ancestry, and enslaved Africans. Bottom of social ladder.

Question 36

Liberalism

Answer 36

middle class and merchants who wanted to give more power to elected parliament. Wanted change

Question 37

Conservatism

Answer 37

wealthy who wanted to protect traditional monarchies.

Question 38

Nationalism

Answer 38

the belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or empire, but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history.

Question 39

Simon bolivar

Answer 39

led fight for independence from Spanish Empire. Liberated 6 countries. Helped the foundation of Gran Columbia. Aimed for a united Spanish America.

Question 40

Guiseppe mazzini

Answer 40

Italian founder of the secret revolutionary society “Young Italy”, refused to participate in parliamentary government that was established under house of savoy. “ fathers of the fatherland”

Question 41

Guiseppe garibaldi

Answer 41

Italian general who unfitied Italy and created the kingdom of italy. “ fathers of the fatherland”

Question 42

Charles darwin

Answer 42

British naturalist who proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection.

Question 43

Social darwinism

Answer 43

Charles Darwin’s idea that resources are limited so species must compete for survival. No members of a species are exactly alike, each have some different traits. Organisms with useful survival traits reproduce more; organisms with unfavorable traits die off.

Question 44

Regionalism

Answer 44

the development of political and economic systems based on loyalty to other regions.

Question 45

Suffrage

Answer 45

the right to vote.

Question 46

Women’s suffrage movement

Answer 46

women formed groups and strikes in order to get the right to vote.

Question 47

Miguel hidalgo

Answer 47

launched Mexican War of Independence by issuing “Grito de dolores” (cry of dolores). It called for an end of 300 years of spanish rule in mexico, redistribution of land, and racial equality.