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Global Politics > Global > Flashcards

Global Flashcards

1
Q

How much taller on average is a South Korean than a North Korean

A

Around 6 cm

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2
Q

How much has absolute poverty decreased

A

From 1.9 billion in 1980 to 836 million in 2015

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3
Q

How has absolute poverty in China decreased

A

I’m 1980, 84% of people lived in extreme poverty, compared to just 12% in 2012

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4
Q

What is evidence of the race to the bottom

A

Bangladesh, over 1000 people died in a factory collapsing in 2013

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5
Q

Example of how Human rights have been enforced

A

In 2000, terrorism act in uk was deemed against the ECHR, and the law was promptly changed

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6
Q

How has globalisation helped protect human rights

A

The easier spread of information has allowed human rights abuses to be spread more easily, allowing groups like amnesty to thrive

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7
Q

How has international law failed to advocate human rights

A

Russia, China and USA are not members of ICC

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8
Q

What is an example of worker exploitation?

A

Work was so intense at Foxconn factories that there were many suicides linked to their factories in China

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9
Q

How much damage to the environment has been caused by TNCs

A

Around 2.2 billion dollars each year according to UN

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10
Q

How much did global trade fall in gfc

A

Around 9%

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11
Q

how has the UN facilitated responses to humanitarian crises?

A

They issued resolution 688, which condemned Husseins actions against the Kurdish and gave The US, The UK and France the mandate to establish a no fly zone over Iraq

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12
Q

How many troops did NATO deploy in Bosnia 1995 to rebuild the nation and establish order?

A

60,000

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13
Q

How has the UN facilitated economic projects

A

They provided a forum to discuss and progress the MDGs

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14
Q

How has the UN helped climate change?

A

The Kyoto protocol was a UN treaty

The UNFCCC established a framework for countries to follow

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15
Q

Example of where the UN has failed to protect human rights

A

Even though a UN resolution was passed to disarm Syria of its chemical weapons, barrel bombing using toxic chemicals continued

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16
Q

How else does the UNGA help economic issues?

A

The UNGA committees look into specifics of issues. The UNGA adopted the economic and financial committee’s recommendations in development cooperation with middle income countries in 2015

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17
Q

How much was the IMF package to Greece

A

Around £100 billion

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18
Q

What was the anti austerity party in Greece called?

A

SYRIZA

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19
Q

How many industries were privatised in Pakistan

A

The airline industry and 67 other state owned industries

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20
Q

How much does the US contribute to the IMF

A

Around 20% of all the funds

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21
Q

How much did the IMF provide in response to the GFC

A

Around $700 billion worth of loans

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22
Q

How much does the world bank allocate annually to reconstruction and development of poorer countries

A

About $20 billion annually

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23
Q

How much did the world bank provide to Ghana in 2017

A

Around $700 million to develop off shore gas extraction

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24
Q

How much has the world bank provided to Afghanistan since 2002

A

About $3.3 billion worth of no interest loans and grants

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25
Q

How much voting power does the US hold in relation to the rest in the world bank

A

The US holds 16% whereas no one else holds more than 8%

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26
Q

How different is the funding from the world bank compared to the private sector?

A

In 2011, the world bank provided $8 billion, compared to the private sector who produced $900 billion in the same year

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27
Q

How many tariffs did the GATT 1947 remove and how much did it impact on trade

A

It led to the removal of 45,000 tariffs and impacted on $10 billion worth of trade

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28
Q

How has the WTO regulated trade

A

I have of the Kennedy round in the 60s was aimed at developing rules such as making dumping illegal

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29
Q

How has the WTO failed in recent years

A

They have failed to sign a comprehensive trade deal since 2001, effectively abandoning the Doha round in 2015

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30
Q

What was the g20 summit that responded to the 2008 crisis

A

2008 London summit, states agreed to cooperate a response by injecting capital into their banking systems

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31
Q

Who attended the G20 Hangzhou summit 2016

A

Representatives from the IMF, OECD, World Bank, WTO, UN and the EU

32
Q

What happened at the G20 2009 in London

A

Anti-capitalist protests that ended in 1 fatality

33
Q

What was agreed at the 2007 G7 UK summit

A

Cancellation of debt for poorer countries

34
Q

What is a benefit of the G7s members

A

There are very few of them and they are fairly similar countries so they can agree easier

35
Q

What is evidence of the G7 being an exclusive rich club

A

They kicked out Russia in 2014, instead of having them at the negotiating table

36
Q

What is evidence of the G7s flexible agenda

A

In 2021, they discussed responses to covid in Cornwall, aiming to vaccinate poorer countries

37
Q

What is a criticism of G7s agenda

A

In 2013, they discussed responses to Syria, but this led criticisms from people who say they are more focused on responding rather than preventing

38
Q

What are the benefits of the MDGs

A
  • 83% of kids enrolled in primary schools in 2000, 91% in 2015
  • Child mortality reduced by a half from 1990 to 2015
39
Q

How has the MDGs not responded to inequality

A

Inequality is growing for more than 70% of the worlds population

40
Q

How much do the US and China emit together

A

About 40% of the worlds pollution

41
Q

How many deaths in China per year by pollution?

A

Around 500,000

42
Q

Who is responsible for 2/3rds of the historic emissions

A

China, Russia, the EU, Japan and the USA

43
Q

What is a positive of the UNFCCC

A

194 states have ratified the framework

44
Q

What is a criticism of the UNFCCC

A

It places too little onus on developing states, who’s emissions will rise as they industrialise

45
Q

How many members does the IPCC have

A

195

46
Q

What is a positive of the IPCC

A

It published reports and influences state policy by providing expertise and irrefutable evidence

47
Q

What is a criticism of the IPCC

A

Reports are published every 6-7 years, allowing for them to be easily outdated

48
Q

Which SDG focuses on climate change

A

SDG 13 - focuses on ‘taking urgent action to tackle climate change and it’s harmful impacts

49
Q

What summit identified the problem and agreed the need for collective action?

A

Stockholm conference - agreed on 26 key principles

Rio earth summit - agreed on the UNFCCC

50
Q

Which summits more specifically agreed on specific action and making collective action a reality

A

Kyoto 1997 - first ever legally binding targets to reduce emissions
Paris Summit 2015 - an agreement to keep global temperature increase well below 2 degrees

51
Q

Negative of the Stockholm conference

A

It didn’t focus on a common policy, one of the principles was that ‘each state should develop its own standards’

52
Q

What was a positive of the Montreal protocol

A

Banned chlorofluorocarbons and other chemicals whose emissions harmed the ozone layer
197 ratified this

53
Q

Why did Montreal succeed

A

Because the states did not feel that their economic interests would be harmed through ratifying and implementing the treaty

54
Q

What was a negative of the Rio earth summit

A

There was little specific actions agreed

55
Q

Why was Montreal a failure?

A
  • 100 developing states, includes China, Brazil and South Africa were granted exemptions
  • the USA rejected it because of this
56
Q

What was a positive and negative of Copenhagen

A
  • Agreed there was a need to need for cooperation to limit temperature increases to 2 degrees through a climate fund
  • however it did not include any legally binding targets
57
Q

What is a negative of the Paris summit

A

Trump was able to withdraw

58
Q

Who was convicted in the Tutsi genocide?

A

Jean Kambanda - head of state

59
Q

Who has been convicted by the ICC

A

2016- Jean Pierre Bemba former Vice President of DRC

60
Q

What is a criticism of the ICJ

A
  • Cant handle complicated cases like Israel Palestine

- not everyone signed up to the optional clause, only around 75/193 states

61
Q

What is a criticism of the ICC

A
  • Has an African bias
  • Russia, China, USA not members
  • requires states to cooperate - Kenyatta was refused by the Kenyans to be handed over
62
Q

Criticism of international tribunals

A
  • neo colonial bias - trial of Charles Taylor was funded by UK and UK imprisoned him
63
Q

Positive of the ECtHR

A

Very high compliance rate, around 90% including blocking the deportation of Abu Qatada

64
Q

What is a weakness of the ECtHR

A
  • state sovereignty - Russia in 2015 passed laws asserting the precedence of domestic law
65
Q

Example of weak enforcement of ICJ

A

ICJ ruled Japan should stop whaling, however they carried on

66
Q

What are the 5 factors of successful humanitarian intervention

A 
Feasibility 
State building
International support
Legitimate government 
Ending violence
67
Q

Where has feasibility (understanding) led to success

A
  • Ivory Coast - removing Gbagbo to re establish democracy
68
Q

Where has lack of feasibility led to a lack of success?

A
  • Somalia 1992 - America went in with intentions for an aid mission, when it really needed a military intervention
  • Afghanistan - lack of understanding of culture and the power the tribes had
69
Q

Where has international support led to success

A

East Timor - UN backed Australian forces able to take on a much stronger position

70
Q

Where has a lack of international support led to failure

A

Rwanda - international community had little interest in preventing genocide

71
Q

When has the intervention been successful through ending violence

A

Sierra Leone - British forces extended their mission to disarm RUF and gangs

72
Q

When has failure to end violence been present

A

Afghanistan - there was no conflict previous to intervention

73
Q

When has nation building been successful

A

Bosnia and Kosovo - 60,000 NATO troops to rebuilding the nation and keeping the peace

74
Q

When has a lack of nation building led to failure

A

Libya - NATO overthrew gaddafi without creating conditions for a stable state to flourish - led to a failed state
Afghanistan - 1 peacekeeper for every 5000 people, compared to 1 peacekeeper for every 50 in Bosnia and Kosovo

75
Q

When has legitimate government helped success

A

Ivory Coast - long-standing democracy was present

76
Q

When has a failure to establish a legitimate government led to failure

A

Libya - Libyan Transitional Council failed to lead fully fledged democracy and was promptly overthrown

77
Q

How many people were displaced by world bank projects

A

Between 2004 and 2013, 3.4 million people were displaced by projects backed by world bank money

Global Politics (1 decks)

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