globa

Question 1

Liberal institutionalism

Answer 1

Liberal institutionalism is a theory in international relations that emphasizes the role of international institutions and organizations in promoting cooperation and peace among states. It argues that such institutions can help mitigate the anarchic nature of the international system by providing frameworks for negotiation, reducing transaction costs, enhancing transparency, and fostering trust among states. Key proponents include Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye.

Question 2

social constructivism

Answer 2

Social constructivism is a theory in international relations that focuses on the role of ideas, beliefs, and social interactions in shaping the identities and interests of states and other actors. It argues that the international system is not only influenced by material factors but also by social constructs such as norms, values, and shared understandings. Key theorists include Alexander Wendt and Peter Katzenstein.

Question 3

neo-realism

Answer 3

Neorealism, or structural realism, is a theory in international relations developed by Kenneth Waltz that emphasizes the importance of the international system’s structure in determining state behavior. It argues that the anarchic nature of the system compels states to act in ways that ensure their survival, focusing on the distribution of power and capabilities among states as key factors influencing international outcomes.

Question 4

materialism

Answer 4

Materialism in international relations refers to the focus on material factors such as economic resources, military capabilities, and technological advancements as the primary determinants of state behavior and international outcomes. It emphasizes tangible assets and physical power over ideas or social constructs.

Question 5

postcolonialism

Answer 5

Post-colonialism is an analytical approach in international relations that examines the lasting impacts of colonialism on former colonies and their relationships with former colonizers. It critiques the power structures, cultural dynamics, and economic inequalities that persist in the post-colonial world and advocates for the recognition and empowerment of marginalized voices.

Question 6

brute fact

Answer 6

A brute fact is a fact that exists independently of human beliefs, interpretations, or social conventions. It is a fundamental reality that does not depend on human perception or social context for its existence. Examples include natural phenomena like mountains or rivers.

Question 7

social fact

Answer 7

A social fact is a phenomenon that exists because of collective human agreement and social practices. These facts depend on human perception and societal conventions for their existence. Examples include money, marriage, and national borders.

Question 8

power

Answer 8

In international relations, power refers to the ability of a state or actor to influence the behavior, decisions, and outcomes of others in order to achieve its own goals and interests. Power can take various forms, including military strength, economic resources, diplomatic influence, technological capabilities, and soft power (cultural, ideological, and institutional influence). The distribution and balance of power among states shape the dynamics of the international system, influencing patterns of cooperation, conflict, and alliances.

Question 9

anarchy

Answer 9

Anarchy in international relations refers to the absence of a central authority or overarching power governing the international system. It denotes a state of affairs where there is no sovereign authority above states, leading to a self-help system where states must rely on their own capabilities to ensure security and survival.

Question 10

norm entrepreneur

Question 11

soft power

Question 12

normative power