GLO 6 and 7 Flashcards
what are the two types of mechanical waves:
tranverse and longitudinal
what are the factors that influence the period of a pendulum?
- length of the pendulum
- acceleration due to gravity
simple harmonic motion:
- SMH
- is a repetitive motion where a restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement from its equilibrium point.
- ex. springs and pendulums
reflection:
when waves relect of a bounary, they obey the law of reflection
- angles are measured from normal line, NOT the boundary!
why does sound travel slower in cooler air?
- waves travel faster in more elastic mediums
- the denser the medium, the slower waves travel
how can energy be transferred from point A to point B?
waves or particles
what does NOT influence the period of a pendulum
mass of the pendulum and the amplitude have no effect
in a graph of force versus change in length for a spring what does the area under the graph and the slope represent?
- the area under the graph is equal to the potential energy
- the slope of the graph is equal to the spring constant
longitudinal wave:
- the source of disturbance is parallel to the energy transfer
-the particles that make up the medium to transmit longitudinal waves vibrate parallel to the direction the wave travels
destructive interference:
occurs when two waves add to produce a resultant with smaller amplitude than either of the original waves
interference:
occurs when waves meet and superimpose upon each other
order in an increase in the speed of sound through the three states of matter:
gas -> liquid -> solid
amplitude:
is a wave’s maximum displacement from equilibrium(rest position)
- as the amplitude of a wave increases, so does its energy
- for sound waves, the amplitude represents the volume, for light it represents brightness
what is the source of the restoring force for a swinging pendulum?
gravity
Fg
example of resonance:
striking a tuning fork and a nearby tuning fork with the same frequency starts to vibrate without being struck
what is sound classified as?
a mechanical wave
what physics phenomena allows sound waves to travel around corners?
diffraction
standing waves:
are produced when two identical waves travelling in opposite directions interfere, producing points of maximum amplitude and points of minimum amplitude.
- these nodes and antinodes remain in the same location causing the wave to appear to stand still
- do not transmit energy, travelling waves do
constructive interference:
occurs when two waves add to produce a resultant wave with larger amplitude than either of the original waves
transverse wave:
- the source disturbance oscillates perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer
- the medium to transmit transverse waves vibrate perpendicular to the direction the wave travels
law of reflection:
The principle when the light rays fall on the smooth surface, the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence
θi = θr
antinodes:
- are the area in a standing wave where total constructive interference occurs (maximum amplitude
what does not influence the period of a mass on a string?
the size of oscilation(amplitude)
boundary:
- a boundary is a change in medium
- when a wave encounters a boundary, they do three things
- transit (passes through old medium to new)
- absorption
- reflection
what is the source of the restoring force for a vertically hung spring oscillating up and down?
Hookes Law
Fs = kx
diffraction:
is the bending or spreading out of waves as they pass through an opening or by a corner
- waves diffract but particles do not
- as a wavelength increases, the amount of
diffraction increases**
- lower frequency waves diffract MORE than high
frequency waves
- for sizeable diffraction effects to occur, the width of the opening must be of the same size or less than the wavelength of the wave
is pitch the same as frequency?
yes
resonance:
is the vibration that occurs in an object when it experiences a periodic force with the same frequency as the natural frequency of the object
what are factors that influence the period of a mass on a spring?
- mass
- stiffness o the spring(spring constant) (k)
nodes:
are the points in a standing wave where total destructive interference occurs (minimum amplitude)
