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Functional > Glenohumeral joint > Flashcards

Glenohumeral joint Flashcards

1
Q

GH joint type

A

synovial (diarthrosis) ball and socket

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2
Q

GH joint degrees of freedom

A

3

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3
Q

Positioning of GH fossa and humeral head

A

GH fossa is directed antero-laterally with slight upward rotation
Humeral head faces medially, posteriorly, and superiorly

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4
Q

GH joint resting position (LPP)

A

55 degrees abd, 30 degrees horz add, slight ER

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5
Q

GH CPP

A

max abd and ER (raised hand position)

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6
Q

GH Capsular pattern

A

ER>abd>IR (order of limited motion “frozen shoulder”)

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7
Q

degrees of GH flexion

A

120

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8
Q

GH flexion: prime movers

A

-Anterior Deltoid
-Pectoralis Major (Clavicular Head to 60)
-Coracobrachialis
-Biceps Brachii

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9
Q

GH Extension: degrees of movement

A

65

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10
Q

GH Extension: prime movers

A

-Posterior deltoid
-Teres major
-Latissimus dorsi
-Long head of triceps
-Pectoralis major (sternocostal portion from 180-90)

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11
Q

GH ABD: degrees of motion

A

120 (when in ER)

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12
Q

GH ABD: prime movers

A

-supraspinatus (first 30)
-lateral deltoid (all contribute)

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13
Q

GH ADD: degrees of movement

A

0 pure add; 50-75 add in front of body

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14
Q

GH ADD: prime movers

A

-Posterior deltoid
-Anterior deltoid
-Pectoralis major
-Long head of triceps
-Coracobrachialis
-Teres major
-Latissimus dorsi

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15
Q

GH ER: degrees of movement

A

60-70 of pure ER
90 when shoulder is abducted

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16
Q

GH ER: prime movers

A

-Posterior deltoid
-Teres minor
-Infraspinatus
-Supraspinatus (between neutral and full ER)

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17
Q

GH IR: degrees of movement

A

75-85

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18
Q

GH IR: prime movers

A

-Anterior deltoid
-Pectoralis major
-Teres major
-Latissimus dorsi
-Subscapularis

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19
Q

Arthrokinematics: Flexion

A

(mostly spinning)
convex on concave
roll in an anterior direction and glide in a posterior direction
(at end range direction may switch)

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20
Q

Arthrokinematics: Extension

A

(mostly spinning)
roll posterior and glide anterior

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21
Q

Arthrokinematics: abduction

A

humerus rolls superior while gliding inferior
(without glide there would be impingement of structures under the acromial arch)

22
Q

Arthrokinematics: add

A

humeral head rolls inferiorly while gliding posteriorly

23
Q

Arthrokinematics: ER

A

humeral head rolls posterior and glides anterior
(without glide the humerus would roll posteriorly out of the socket)

24
Q

Arthrokinematics: IR

A

humeral head rolls anteriorly and glides posteriorly

25
Q

GH: stabilizing structures

A

-Rotator cuff muscles
-Capsule
-GH ligaments
-Coracohumeral ligament
-Coracoacromial arch
-Long head of the biceps
-Glenoid labrum
-Negative intra-articular pressure
-Compressive forces

26
Q

GH: rotator cuff muscles and function

A

S: supraspinatus
I: infraspinatus
T: teres minor
S: subscapularis
-provide static stability through reinforcement of the capsule and most of the dynamic stability
-produce an inferiorly directed force on the HH

27
Q

loose/expandable space lined with synovium that provides GH stability

28
Q

GH ligaments

A

-Superior GH lig
-Middle GH lig
-Inferior GH lig

29
Q

Superior GH ligament taut position

A

arm at side or with inferior and posterior translation of the humerus

30
Q

Middle GH ligament: function and most effective position

A

-restricts anterior translation of the GH and resists ER
-most effective: 45-60 degrees of ABD

31
Q

Prevents anterior translation of GH with arm ABD to 90 degrees or greater (strongest and thickest part of entire capsule)

A

anterior band of inferior GH ligament

32
Q

prevents posterior translation of the GH with arm ABD to 90 degrees or greater

A

posterior band of the inferior GH ligament

33
Q

portion of the inferior GH ligament that is taut in more than 90 degrees of ABD

A

axillary pouch

34
Q

limits inferior displacement of the GH with arm at side and checks extremes of ER when shoulder is in ADD

A

coracohumeral ligament

35
Q

Parts of the coracoacromial arch and function

A

-coracoid, acromion, and coracoacromial lig
-prevents humerus from dislocating superiorly

36
Q

structures under the coracoacromial arch

A
  • Rotator cuff tendons
  • Long Head of Bicep
  • Subacromial Burs
  • Subdeltoid Bursa
37
Q

has attachment to labrum, plays a role in humeral head depression and limiting excessive anterior translation

A

long head of the biceps

38
Q

deepens the glenoid fossa providing increased stability

A

glenoid labrum

39
Q

can be lost if capsule is punctured

A

negative intra-articular pressure

40
Q

how are compressive forces created in the GH joint

A

due to upward orientation of the scapula, the force vectors of gravity, and the superior GH restraints

41
Q

orientation of scapular plane

A

30-45 degrees towards the sagittal plane

42
Q

ratio of scapulohumeral rhythm

A

2 GH joint :1 ST joint

43
Q

scapulohumeral rhythm for full arm elevation (degrees)

A

120 degrees of shoulder abd and 60 degrees of upward rotation

44
Q

role of scapular movement

A

-maintains glenoid fossa in optimal position
-allows muscles to maintain good length-tension relationship
-allows for increased ROM

45
Q

force couple of scapular upwards rotation

A

upper trapezius
lower trapezius
serratus anterior

46
Q

scapulohumeral rhythm with less than 90 degrees ABD

A

60° of ABD at GH and 30° of scapular rotation

47
Q

clavicular elevation at the SC joint with less than 90 degrees ABD

A

20-25 degrees

48
Q

upward rotation of acromion at the AC joint with less than 90 degrees of ABD

A

5-10 degrees

49
Q

clavicular elevation at the SC joint with more than 90 degrees ABD

50
Q

upward rotation of acromion at the AC joint with more than 90 degrees of ABD

A

20-25 degrees

51
Q

posterior rotation of the clavicle with more than 90 degrees of shoulder ABD

A

40 degrees

Functional (4 decks)

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