Glaucoma Flashcards
1
Q
Prostaglandin analogues examples
A
latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost
2
Q
Prostaglandin analogues MOA
A
*Pro-drug –> activated to free acid agonist at prostaglandin F receptor
promotes uveoscleral outflow by increasing the sclera’s permeability to aqueous humour
3
Q
Prostaglandin analogues S/E and CI
A
S/E
- peri-orbital rash
- conjunctival hyperaemia
- eye irritation
- blurred vision
- iris hyperpigmentation
- eyelash changes
CI
- inflammation of the eye – iritis, uveitis, herpetic keratitis
- pregnancy
4
Q
Topical beta-blockers examples
A
timolol, cartelol, betaxolol (B1 selective)
5
Q
Topical beta-blockers MOA
A
- blocks beta-receptors in the ciliary epithelium, reducing aqueous humour production
6
Q
Topical beta-blockers S/E and CI
A
S/E * bronchospasm * worsening of COPD * bradycardia * reduced libido * depression * blurred vision CI * asthma * severe COPD * bradycardia * other systemic beta-blockers
7
Q
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor example
A
brinzolamide, dorzolamide
8
Q
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor MOA
A
- inhibits carbonic anhydrase II, interferes with sodium pump and reduces aqueous humour production
9
Q
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor S/E and CI
A
S/E * ocular irritation * blurred vision * foreign body sensation * bitter taste CI * hepatic/renal failure * metabolic acidosis
10
Q
Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists example
A
apraclonidine, brimonidine
11
Q
Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists MOA
A
- promotes the reuptake of noradrenaline, reducing sympathetic effect
- decreases production of aqueous humour and increases uveoscleral outflow
- Note: alpha-2 receptors inhibit sympathetic activity wow
12
Q
Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists S/E and CI
A
S/E
- local allergic reactions
- lid retraction
- pupil dilation
- cardiovascular effects with brimonidine (which crosses BBB)
CI
- monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- severe cardiovascular disease
