Glaucoma Flashcards

1
Q

Prostaglandin analogues examples

A

latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost

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2
Q

Prostaglandin analogues MOA

A

*Pro-drug –> activated to free acid agonist at prostaglandin F receptor
promotes uveoscleral outflow by increasing the sclera’s permeability to aqueous humour

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3
Q

Prostaglandin analogues S/E and CI

A

S/E

  • peri-orbital rash
  • conjunctival hyperaemia
  • eye irritation
  • blurred vision
  • iris hyperpigmentation
  • eyelash changes

CI

  • inflammation of the eye – iritis, uveitis, herpetic keratitis
  • pregnancy
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4
Q

Topical beta-blockers examples

A

timolol, cartelol, betaxolol (B1 selective)

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5
Q

Topical beta-blockers MOA

A
  • blocks beta-receptors in the ciliary epithelium, reducing aqueous humour production
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6
Q

Topical beta-blockers S/E and CI

A
S/E
* bronchospasm
* worsening of COPD
* bradycardia
* reduced libido
* depression
* blurred vision

CI
* asthma
* severe COPD
* bradycardia
* other systemic beta-blockers
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7
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor example

A

brinzolamide, dorzolamide

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8
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor MOA

A
  • inhibits carbonic anhydrase II, interferes with sodium pump and reduces aqueous humour production
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9
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor S/E and CI

A
S/E
* ocular irritation
* blurred vision
* foreign body sensation
* bitter taste

CI
* hepatic/renal failure
* metabolic acidosis
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10
Q

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists example

A

apraclonidine, brimonidine

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11
Q

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists MOA

A
  • promotes the reuptake of noradrenaline, reducing sympathetic effect
  • decreases production of aqueous humour and increases uveoscleral outflow
  • Note: alpha-2 receptors inhibit sympathetic activity wow
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12
Q

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists S/E and CI

A

S/E

  • local allergic reactions
  • lid retraction
  • pupil dilation
  • cardiovascular effects with brimonidine (which crosses BBB)

CI

  • monoamine oxidase inhibitors
  • severe cardiovascular disease
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