Glaucoma Flashcards
what is glaucoma
a progressive optic neuropathy.
It is a final common pathway for a number of conditions, for most of which raised IOP is the chief risk factor.
describe the “ratio” see in glaucoma
large cup:disc ratio
give four risk factors for open angle glaucoma
age >50
family hx
black ethnicity
myopia
describe the symptoms and signs seen in open angle glaucoma
initially asymptomatic
IOP >21
visual field defects:
- peripheral vision loss
- scotomata
disc changes:
- notching of the optic nerve cup
- cup-disc ratio >0.4 or asymmetry
- disc margin haemorrhage
how does timolol work
decreases aqueous production
how does brinzolamide work
decreases aqueous production
how does open angle glaucoma occur
debris clogs up aqueous outflow tract
how does latanoprost work
increases uveoscleral outflow
what are the first and second line options for open angle glaucoma
topical eye drops
laser trabeculoplasty
how does briminodine work
increased outflow
decreased production
give five risk factors for closed angle glaucoma
age >40 female gender asian ethnicity hyperopia dilating drops
give the ix you should do if you suspect glaucoma
tonometry
ophthalmoscopy
slit-lamp examination
visual field testing
GONIOSCOPY is diagnostic in closed angle glaycoma
how do you manage closed angle glaucoma
IV acetazolamide STAT + eye drops
URGENT REFERRAL
definitive treatment: laser iridiotomy
how does closed angle glaucoma occur
bowed iris blocks aqueous outflow tract
describe the symptoms and signs of closed angle glaucoma
pain (eye, headache, abdominal) blurry vision haloes nausea vomiting red eye hazy cornea IOP 50-80
