Glaucoma

Question 1

Glaucoma

Answer 1

• visual field loss secondary to optic nerve damage
• causes elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP)
• treatment is aimed at reducing IOP

Question 2

Beta Adrenergic Blocking Agents

Answer 2

• drugs such as betaxolol, certeolol, and levobunolol
• lower IOP by decreasing production of aqueous humor
• adverse effects include decreased heart and lung function

Question 3

Prostaglandin Analogs

Answer 3

• latanoprost
• lowers IOP by facilitating aqueous humor outflow
• as effective as beta blockers with fewer side effects
• can cause migranes rarely

Question 4

Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists

Answer 4

= apraclonidine and brimonidine

• lower IOP by reducing aqueous humor production and increasing outflow
• common side effects include dry mouth, local burning and stinging, headache, blurred vision, and ocular itching

Question 5

Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonsits

Answer 5

• pilocarpine

- causes constriction of the pupil and contraction of the ciliary muscle, indirectly lowering the IOP

Question 6

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Answer 6

• Echothiophate
• long duration of action
• same basic effects and side effects of direct acting cholinergic agonists