Glaucoma Flashcards
Normal IOP range
12-22 mmHg
What is glaucoma
disease of the eye that results in DAMAGE to the OPTIC NERVE and LOSS of the VISUAL FIELD
What drug class INCREASE aqueous humor outflow (move fluid out)?
Prostaglandin analogs
Which drug classes REDUCE aqueous humor production (make less fluid)?
- Beta blockers
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Which drug class can do both (make less fluid/move fluid out) with add-on tx?
Alpha-2 agonists
Bimatoprost
Lumigan
(1 gtt QHS)
Latanoprost
Xalatan, Xelpros
Lumigan
bimatoprost
Xalatan, Xelpros
latanoprost
Travaprost
Travatan Z
Travatan Z
travaprost
Latisse
bimatoprost
note: indicated for eyelash hypotrichosis (inadequate eyelash growth) to increase eyelash growth; do NOT use with prostaglandin analogs indicated for glaucoma
Which prostaglandin analog drugs should be REFRIGERATED BEFORE OPENING- then stored at room temp once opened?
- Latanoprost
- latanoprostene (Vyzulta)
- tafluprost (Zioptan)
What are the ocular effects of prostaglandin analogs?
- DARKENING of the IRIS, eyelid skin, and EYELASHES
- EYELASH LENGTH & # can INCREASE
For eye and ear formulations:
1 drop = x mL?
1 drop = 0.05 mL
Which drug class is most commonly used to tx glaucoma and only dosed once daily (QHS)?
prostaglandin analogs
Which drug class is PREFERRED if the pressure is high in ONE EYE ONLY?
Beta blockers
Timolol 0.25% and 0.5%
1 gtt daily or BID
Timoptic, Timoptic- XE, Istalol
Timoptic, Timoptic-XE, Istalol
timolol 0.25%, 0.5%
Timolol + dorzolamide
Cosopt, Cosopt PF
Cosopt, Cosopt PF
timolol + dorzolamide
Dosing for Timolol
1 gtt daily or BID
Q: Dosing for Timoptic XE and Timolol GFS (gels)
Q: Directions for gel use
- Daily
- Invert and shake once (w/cap on) before use
How long should you wait to administer other eye drops if using more than 1?
10 minutes
All Beta blockers that are used to treat glaucoma are NON-Selective…EXCEPT?
Betaxolol (Betoptic S) is selective and is less likely to cause pulmonary adverse effects in patients with chronic lung disease
