Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Glaucoma > Glaucoma 1 > Flashcards

Glaucoma 1 Flashcards

1
Q

If PAS is seen to extend anterior to the schwalbe line what condition should you suspect?

A

ICE syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Preperimetric glaucoma

A

Glaucomatous changes in optic discs with normal visual fields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What portion of the TM has the most resistance to outflow?

A

juxtacanalicular TM (inner most that is adjacent to the Schlemn canal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is thought to be the age range for Juvinille open angle glaucoma (JOAG)?

A

4-35 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Risk factors for open angle glaucoma

A
  • IOP * Age * AA * Family Hx * CCT * Female * CRVO * ?? HTN, DM, Myopia, Hypothyroidism, ??
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Risk Factors for closed-angle glaucoma

A
  • Race (Inuits, Asian) * Female * Hyperopia (far sightedness) * Family history * Advanced age > 50
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many cililiary processes are there?

A

About 80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the arterial source for the ciliary processes?

A

branches of the major arterial circle of the iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Aqueous humor is produced what what three mechanisms? What is the major contributing mechanism?

A
  • ACTIVE TRANSPORT * Ultrafiltration * simple diffusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What ions in the aquous humor are in excess compared to plasma? Lower?

A
  • Chloride, H+, Vit C * Bicarbonate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three major types of aqueous suppresants?

A
  • Beta blockers * Alpha 2 agonists * Carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the rate of aqueous turnover?

A

1% per min equaling full turnover every 1-2 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the pressure-independent aqueous outflow pathway?

A

uveoscleral pathway making up approx 10% of total outflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is normal diurnal variation and what would be suggestive of glaucoma?

A

2-6mmMg >10mmMg diurnal variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a promising type of tonometry that is challenging goldmann tonometry?

A

Dynamic contour tonometry? (DCT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the average rate of aqueous production?

A

2.0-2.5 ul/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the method used to measure the rate of aqueous formation?

A

fluorophotometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the method used to measure the rate of aqueous out-flow?

A

tonography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the normal variation in superior versus inferior visual fields?

A

Superior field in normally depressed 1-2 dB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does a “cloverleaf” visual field suggest?

A

The patient stopped participating part way the the exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

False positives great than ____ percent suggest an unreliable test.

A

20%

22
Q

False negatives greater than ___percent suggest unreliable test.

A

33%

23
Q

What are two common causes of general decline in visual field sensitivities?

A
  1. Miosis2. Cataract
24
Q

Does UBM or AS-OCT better visualize the cilliary body?

A

UBM(umb is ultra sound biomicroscopy and as-oct is anterior segment oct)

25
Q

IOP in general poplulation is not Gaussian but is rather…

A

skewed to the right

26
Q

What is the average corneal thickness in adults?

A

530-545um

27
Q

Are drance hemorrages more common in POAG or normotensive glaucoma?

A

Normo-tensive glaucoma

28
Q

What is the usual goal IOP reduction in a normotensive glaucoma patient?

A

30%

29
Q

What percentage of eyes w/ POAG may have a reading of less than 21mmHg on a single reading?

A

30-50%

30
Q

What is the gene mutation found in exfoliation syndrome and what is the effect?

A

LOXL1, abnormal production of elastin (a fibrillar build-up ensues)

31
Q

Sampaolesi line

A

At or anterior to schwalbes line often seen in PXT or PDS

32
Q

Does lens extraction alleviate PXT?

A

No

33
Q

What is “reverse pupillary block”

A

Sometimes seen in PDS in which peripheral iris bows posteriorly rubbing on zonules

34
Q

What are the tree types of lens induced open angle glaucomas?

A
  1. Phacolytic2. Phacoantigenic3. Lens particle
35
Q

What is a distinguising differences on exam between phacolytic and phacoantigenic glaucoma?

A

KP’s are seen in phacoantigenic

36
Q

What time period followings surgery would you expect to see lens particle glaucoma?

A

usually within 1-2 weeks but can be months or years

37
Q

TIGR/MYOC is most well known to be associated with what?

A

JOAG

38
Q

What cells are thought to be the site of actual aqueous formation?

A

non-pigmented cells of the cilliary body

39
Q

Would exercise increase or decrease IOP?

A

Decrease

40
Q

Perkins tonometer is like what other tonometer and what is the major difference?

A

It is like the Goldmann tonometer; it is portable

41
Q

Excess fluorescein would result in artificially high or low IOP reading?

A

High

42
Q

Are fenestrations of laminar cribrosa larger superiorly/inferiorly or nasally/temporally?

A

superiorly/inferiorly

43
Q

What is the ring of Elschnig?

A

rim of connective tissue between the optic nerve and adjacent choroidal and scleral tissue

44
Q

The anterior optic nerve gets its blood supply entirely from what arterial source?

A

Short posterior ciliary arteries, not from the central retinal artery

45
Q

What are the 4 regions of the anterior optic nerve called?

A
  1. Nerve Fiber2. Prelaminar (at the level of choroid layer)3. Laminar (at the level of lamina cribrosa4. Retrolaminar (at the level posterior to lamina cribrosa
46
Q

What number do you need to multiply the slit lamp beam to get the correct height of the optic nerve when using:1. 60D2. 78D3. 90 D

A
  1. multiply by 12. Mulitply by 1.13. Mulitply by 1.3
47
Q

What is the normal height of the optic nerve?

A

Conventionally 1.5 but normal ranges 1.5-2.2

48
Q

What are the two types of peripaillary atrophy?

A
  1. Alpha: represents hyper and hypo pigmentation that is often normal2. Beta: atrophy of RPE and choroid that is pathologic
49
Q

What class of medication is not affective in ICE syndrome?

A

miotics (e.g. pilocarpine)

50
Q

Hypotony maculopathy is most common in young myopic patients or in old hyperopic patients?

A

young myopic

Glaucoma (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions