GLASSWARES Flashcards
corrodes metals, irritates skin and bleaches fabrics and clothing.
Hypochlorite
useful because its impact and corrosive resistance
Plastic
Has a disadvantage: some releases ions
Borosilicate glass
low heat and chemical resistance, inexpensive, use to make disposable Container
Flint glass
Describe borosilicate glass
low alkaline earth content, high thermal resistance (*600°C), ideal for use, free from chemical contaminants (i.e., heavy metals)
Kimax and pyrex
Borosilicate glass
It is Inexpensive and disposable
Polyethylene
Example of Polyethylene
Petri dish
It is sterilizable and expensive
Polypropylene
Ex of Polypropylene
Autoclavable syringe filters
Autoclavable plastics
Flask
Erlenmeyer flask
Florence flask
Volumetric flask
Pipet
Serological
Mohr
Volumetric
BASIC LABWARES
1 Beaker
2. Flask - Erlenmeyerflask, Florence flask, Volumetric flask
3. Pipet - Serological, Mohr, Volumetric
4. Graduated cylinder
5. Test tubes 6. Bottles
7. Others: Stirring rod, coplin jar, forceps, tongs, test tube holder, testtube rack, pipette bulb/pipettor/aspirator, syringes, vacutainer set
wide-mouth, straight sided container with a pouring spout formed from the rim.
Beaker
An upright, straight-sided container with a flared base that provides stability, octagon base.
Graduated cylinder
Markings of graduated cylinder
By increments
Uses of graduated cylinder
non-critical volume measurement
hold 24-hour urine specimen
GC: read at lower meniscus
Light colored
GC: read at upper meniscus
Dark colored solution
holds liquid samples
container for test reaction
Test tubes
vacutainer tubes top
Stoppered
screw-capped tubes top
Screw-on
Kinds of top test tubes
Open
Stoppered (close)
Screw-on (close)
Kinds of bottom test tubes
Round (general use)
Open (ESR)
Flat (culture)
Pointed (urinalysis
Routine chemical testing requiring
serum; blood bank and serological tests.
Red vacutainer tube
Chemically clean tube; general use
Amber vacutainer tube
Use for Tissue culture
Pink vacutainer tube
Use for hematology testing
Lavender/violet
ANTICOAGULANT ofyellow
Sodium Polyetholesulfonate (SPS)
ANTICOAGULANT of black VT
Oxalate
ANTICOAGULANT of lavender/violet VT
EDTA
ANTICOAGULANT of light blue VT
Sodium citrate
Coagulation testing
Light blue
ANTICOAGULANT pf green VT
Heparin
Chemistry testing
Green
ANTICOAGULANT of royal blue VT
Sodium heparin/EDTA
Use for chemistry trace elements
Royal blue
flat bottom, sloping sides that gradually narrow its diameter so that
top opening is bottle-like, plain flat opening
Erlenmeyer flask
flat bottom, round sides, long cylindrical neck o marking: total capacity
Florence flask
very long neck, pear-shaped
Volumetric flask
contain exact volume at specified temperature (for accurate measurement)
Volumetric flask
- curve fluid surface
Meniscus
To measure and transfer liquid or solutions.
Pipettes
Types pf pipettes
Measuring pipette
Transfer pipette
Pasteur pipette
Used in old determination of hemoglobin
Sahli-hellige
filled, allowed to drain and remaining tip fluid is blown-out
deliver exact amount; not rinsed-out
To blow-out
Example of TBO/ To blow-out pipette
Oswald-folin
-measure viscous fluid like whole blood
-special pipette
Serological pipette
-long glass tube with uniform diameter
- markings extend to the delivery tip
- has two frosted band near the mouth piece
-refilled or rinse-out after draining by appropriate solvent
-hold exact amount of liquid that must be completely transferred by rinsing for accurate measurement.
To contain(TC) / Rinse-out pipette
- allow liquid to drain by gravity
• pipette is held vertically and the tip is place against the side of accepting vessel
To deliver (TD)
Measuring pipettes are divided into
Mohr pipette
Serological pipette
the graduations on these always end before the tip
Mohr pipette
the graduation marks continue to the tip
Serological pipette
Advantages of Using Automatic Pipette:
Easy to operate
Reduce technical error
o most common type with disposable tip, piston-operated device
o fixed oradiustable volume
Eppendorf micropipette
• delivers cylindrical slender glass rods, for mixing manually solutions o heat-resistant
SMI Micropipettor
used with volumetric and standard graduated pipettes (serological of various sizes.
Electric/battery-operated pipette
can deliver different volumes
Battery-operated/electric pipette
functional from storing to mixing reagents
Test tubes
one of the most important apparatus
Test tubes
rpm means
Revolutions per minute
a small centrifuge used in blood banking and serology to spin serological tubes
Serofuge
spins special microtubes at high speed
Microfuge
spins capillary tubes at high speeds so that hematocrit can be measured.
Microhematocrit centrifuge
used to separate chylomicrons fromserum,fractionate lipoproteins, perform drug binding assays, preparation of tissue for steroid hormone receptor assay.
Ultracentrifuge
high speed &sampleskeep cool while being centrifuge (i.e. ultracentrifuge), use inresearch but not required for routine use.
Refrigerated centrifuge
container for sterilize items.
Autoclave chamber
surrounds the chamber and source ofsteam
Metal jacket
securely lock & has a seal to prevent escape ofsteam.
Door or cover
separate for temperature and pressure.
Gauges
for weighing chemicals and media
Laboratory balance
Never open the door unless chamber pressure is:
Zero psi
asingle beam with equal arms, standard weights are added manually to the right side to counter balance the object weight.
Double pan (DIRECT COMPARISON)
arms are unequal in length, object is placed on the short arm pan and arestoring force mechanicallyapplied tothe other armuntil indicator is balanced.
Single Pan (SUBSTITUTION)
Important Parts of the Autoclave:
Autoclave chamber
Metal jacket
Door / cover
Gauges
TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED CHAMBERS
1) Above ambient or room temperature
a. oven
b. water bath (heating bath)
c. incubator
2) Cold temperature
a. refrigerator
b. freezer
Principle of digital weighing scale
Electromagnetic force
