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Histology > Glass Slide images > Flashcards

Glass Slide images Flashcards

1
Q
A

thyroid gland

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2
Q
A

parafollicular cells

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3
Q

what slide is this?

A

thyroid

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4
Q
A

thyroid slide

cuboidal follicular cell

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5
Q

What is this? What kind of gland is it (how do you know)?

A

Sweat gland

simple tubular coiled gland

A simple gland has an unbranched duct (or no duct at all). There is only a single secretory unit

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6
Q

What is this? What cells are found here?

A

Sweat gland

cells:

  1. dark cells - near lumen in the center
  2. pale cells - periphery, clear
  3. myoepithlial cells - lines periphery, with triangular shaped nuclei
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7
Q

What are these cells (how do you know)? Where are they found?

A

Myoepithlial cells

1) in sweat gland

line the periphery and have triangular shaped nucleus

2) also found in intralobular ducts

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8
Q

What is top portion of this picture (how do you know)

A

Sweat gland DUCT

know: b/c has stratified cuboidal epithelium, meanders through dermis to terminate on skin surface

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9
Q

What are the bottom arrows? What type of gland is this?

A

Sebaceous gland

round or pear shaped, clear or lavender

SIMPLE BRANCHED ACINAR GLAND

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10
Q

What is this? What type of muscle?

A

Erector pili in scalp slide, between hair follicles

smooth muscle

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11
Q

What muscle can be found between hair follicles?

A

Erecti pili - smooth muscle

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12
Q

What are thse cells in a sebaceous gland?

A

stem cells - basophillic

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13
Q

What are these cells? What does this signifify?

A

Pyknotic cells in sebaceous gland

  • pyknotic means condensed nucleus*
  • these cells are dying and will soon lyse. Ultimately, cells lyse and their lipid-filled cytoplasm becomes sebum*
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14
Q

What is this? what does its presence indicate? what type of gland is it?

A

Islet of langerhans

indicates you are in the pancreas

endocrine gland

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15
Q

what is this? What is secreted here?

A

Islet of langerhans

a cell -> glucagon

b cell -> insulin

∂ cell -> somatostatin

F or PP cell -> pancreas polypeptide

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16
Q

what is the gland around the “island” in the middle? what type of gland is this?

A

exocrine pancreas around the islet of langerhans

acini cells are stained bright red

compound acinar gland

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17
Q

what cell is this in the pancreas? (how do you know)

where does its product go?

A

serous acini cell

brightly red

product enters into intercalated duct

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18
Q

what is this in the pancreas (how do you know)? what does it secrete?

A

Interlobular ducts:
Low columnar epithelium

Also secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid.

Located between lobules, within the thin connective tissue septa that separate lobules.

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19
Q

what is this in the pancreas? waht does it secrete?

A

intercalated duct

looks collapsed on itself

produces bicarbonate, stimulated by secretin

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20
Q

what cell is this in the pancreas? what stimulates it?

what does this cell lack?

A

intercalated ducts

stim. by secretin

lacks secretory granules

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21
Q

what is red? blue (in the pancreas)

A

red – centroacinar cell – pale staining

blue – serous acinus cell

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22
Q

what is this in the panceas

A

centroacinar cells

pale staining little round ducts

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23
Q

What is this? what type of gland is it?

A

Submandibular glanda

predominance of the serous acini

compound tubuloacinar gland. By definition, as in all compound glands, the conducting portion is branched

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24
Q

What is this? What type of acni does it have

A

Submandibualr gland

mostly serous acni (so look for redish color), but also has mucoous acni and mixed acni

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25
Q
A

Mixed acinus

both mucous and serous cells that secrete into a common lumen.

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26
Q

what is this? what is it lined by?

A

Intralobular duct

intralobular duct of submandibular has striations at the basal surface of their cells.

lined by simple columnar epithelium

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27
Q

2 Notable features of Intralobular ducts (in the submandibular)

A

Intralobular ducts

  1. when you close condense, appears striated due to the parallel arrays of the mitochondria within the infolds of the plasma membrane at the basal surface of the cells.
  2. myoepithlial cells
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28
Q

what is this tissue? (how do you know)

A

tongue

papillae on one surface (absent on ventral)

skeletal muscle in middle

have von ebners glands

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29
Q

what is this(how do you know)? what tissue is it found?

A

circumvallate papillae in the tongue

  1. has taste buds (pale ovals)
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30
Q

type of epithelium on the tongue?

A

stratified squamous surface epithelium

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31
Q

what is this?

A

taste pore

taste bud that is open to the surface

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32
Q

what is this? where is it found?

A

filiform papillae on the tongue

conical structures with a core of lamina propria covered by a keratinized epithelium

*lacks taste buds

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33
Q
  1. what papilla is this?
  2. what is the muscle in the tounge?
A
  1. circumvallate papilla
  2. skeletal muscle
    * (on this side is fungiform papilla)*
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34
Q

what is this? (how do you know)

A

Von Ebner’s glands

glands that open into the base of the crypt surrounding the circumvallate papilla.

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35
Q

what is this (how do you know)?

A

foliate paillae in rabbit tongue slide

has flat tops with deep clefts between them

taste buds aligned in the clefts (on the sides)

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36
Q

* describe the changes observed when you move down the esophagus

A
  1. cardiac glands are present throughout, but become more prominent the closer to the stomach you get.
  2. skeletal muscle in upper third
    mixexed in middle third
    smooth m. in lower third
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37
Q

what is this in the esophagus what is found here?

A

mucosa

stratified squamous epithelium

the lamina propria

and the muscularis mucosae.

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38
Q

what is the blue arrow in the esophagus?

A

muscularis mucosae in the esophagus

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39
Q

what is the brakcet? what is here?

A

submucosa of the esophagus

dense irregular connective tissue containing numerous blood vessels and lymphatics

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40
Q

what is in the bracket in this esophagus slide? what does it mean?

A

muscularis externa

in this section, its made of inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle —> meaning from lower third of esophagus!

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41
Q

4?

A

adventitia

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42
Q

what is 2?

A

submocsa of the esophagus

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43
Q

what is 1?

A

mucosa of the esophagus

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44
Q

3? (in the esophagus)

A

adventitia

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45
Q

what are the 4 tunics of the digestive tract?

A

Mucosa (inner)

Submucosa

Muscularis externa

Serosa or adventitia (outer)

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46
Q

what is 1? 2? how do you know

A
  • stomach esophageal transition slide*
    1) esophagus - darker stratified squamous epithelium
    2) stomach - lighter simple columnar

narrow and dark stratified squamous epithelium (of the esophagus) switches to a lighter staining stomach epithelium ( simple columnar epithelium)

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47
Q

what is 4?

A

tunica serosa of the stomach

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48
Q

what is this? how do you know?

A

esophageal glands proper

know its esophageus due to the stratified squamous epithelium

located in the submucosa (outside of the muscularis mucosae)

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49
Q

what is the bottom arrow? how do you know

A

esophageal cardiac gland

  1. found in the mucosa (so know its cardiac gland) 2. and it is below the stratified squamous epihtelium
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50
Q

bottom arrows?

A

cardiac glands of the stomach

in the mucosa, and are below the gastric pits

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51
Q

what is this?

A

gastric pit in stomach

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52
Q

what is 7? what muscles does it have?

A

muscularis externa of the stomach

A. An innner oblique layer B. a middle circular 3. an external longitudinal layer.

the threee layers make the muscualris externa of the stomach seem relatively large

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53
Q

what is this (its between the two outer layers of either the esophagus and stomach)

A

auerbachs plexus

its the myenteric plexus

its between the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layers

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54
Q

what is this? what produces it?

A

mamilated area in the stomach

produced by the thickness of the mucosa into a scalloped or cobblestone

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55
Q

bottom arrow

A

muscalris externa

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56
Q

what is this?

A

mucous neck cells

small, columnar eosinophilic cells in the neck region of the fundic gland

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57
Q

what cell is this? where is it located in the fundic gland?

A

cheif cells

58
Q

what cells are rich in the neck of the fundus gland?

which cells are rich in the base?

A

neck – parietal and mucous neck cells

base – chief cells

59
Q

what is this? what is it divided into?

A

fundic gland

divided into neck

and base

60
Q

what is between the lines? what is here?

A

submucosa

has large blood vessels but no glands

61
Q

What are these cells (how do you know)? what do they secrete?

A

chief cells

located at base of fundic glands, angular and very basophillic

secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase

62
Q

what is this? what does it secrete?

A

parietal cell

63
Q

what is 3b? what is found here?

A

submucosa of the duodenum. brunners glands are found here.

64
Q

describe the mucosa of the duodenum

A

simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells

65
Q

where is this mucosa found? how do you know?

A

pyloric mucosa.

“has long pits and short glands”

66
Q

describe the features (2) of the transition of the duodenum to the pyloric spchinter

A
  1. appearence of brunners glands in the duodenum (in the submucosa)
  2. pylorus muscularis externa is considerably larger in the pylorus
67
Q

what is this? what does its presence indicate?

A

brunners gland

means youre in the duodenum

68
Q

what is this? what is its function?

A

brunners gland, only found in the duodenum

secretes an alkaline mucous that helps protect against stomach acid and provide an optimum pH for pancreatic enzyme action.

69
Q

what is C? what is found here?

A

crypts of lieberkahn in the small intesitne (duodenum)

contains enteroendocrine glands which secrete hormones and vasoactive peptides

70
Q

what is outlined in blue?

A

crypts of lieberkahn

invaginations in the epithelium of the small intestine

71
Q

what is this? where is it found?

A

Plicae circularis

found in the small intestine, most developed in the jejunum

72
Q

what is this? what is it made of?

A

pilicae ciruclaris

permanent transverse circular folds of mucosa and submucosa

73
Q

what is the arrow pointing to

A

brunners gland in the submucosa of the plicae ciruclares (remember to look here)

74
Q

what is this (how do you know)? what does it secrete?

A

Paneth cell - bright red, found at base of the crypts *

secretes a lysoznyme that has anitbaterial activity (therefore controls flora of the gut)

75
Q

2? 4?

A
  1. crypts of lieberkahn
  2. paneth cell
76
Q
A

paneth cell

secretes lryzonymes with antibacterial activity

77
Q

what is this slide of? + identify.

A

duodenum

1 - tunica mucosa
2 - tunica submucosa
3 - tunica muscularis propria
4 - tunica serosa
5 - villi
6 - glands (crypts) in the lamina
propria of the mucosa
7 - glands in the tunica submucosa (Brunner’s glands)

78
Q

top arrows? bottom arrows?

what is secreted by each?

A

top – goblet cells – produce acid glycoproteins of the mucin type that lubricate and protect the small intestine

bottom – enteorcytes -> secrete Disaccharidases and peptidases are secreted by the absorptive cells

79
Q

what is secreted by this? where is it found (be specific)?

A
  • *Goblet Cells**
    1. produce acid glycoproteins of the mucin type that lubricate and protect the small intestine.
  1. Less abundant in the duodenum and increase in number as one

approaches the ileum.

80
Q

what is the top arrow pointing to? what is absorbed here?

A

lacteal

lipids are absorbed in the central lacteals

81
Q

what is 5? where is this slide (how do you know)

A

5 is a villi, its club like so you know youre in the ileum

82
Q

what is 1?

A

mucosa in the ileum

83
Q

what is this slide of(how do you know)?

A

ileum

has lympoid tissue in the submucosa (no more brunners glands obv)

more goblet cells

fewer paneth cells

villi are shorter

84
Q

what is this (what does it mean)

A

lymph nodule in the submucosa of the ileum, there are more lymph nodules in the ileum than duodenum. clumps of they are peyer’s patches

85
Q

what is 4? what is found here?

A

submucosa of the ileum, have peyers patches/lymphoid tissue (no more glands!)

86
Q

7?

A

longitudinal smooth muscle

87
Q

what is 1?

A

crypts of liberkahn

88
Q

what tissue is this?

A

duodenum

know because you have brunners gland

89
Q

what are the folds called in this slide? are they permanent?

A

plica semilunares in the colon

tmeporary folds of mucosa and submucosa

know its in the colon because there is no villi*

90
Q

what is this? what is the funciton of this?

A

taenia coli

these bands pucker the colon into haustra

91
Q

what is the top arrow? what slide is this?

A

crypts of lieberkahn of the colon opening up into the lumen

know its colon because there is no villi

92
Q

what are the arrows pointing to?

A

taenia coli

93
Q

what is the outer layer in this slide?

A

taenia coli

94
Q

what is this?

A

lymph node in the appendix

95
Q

what is this slide (how do you know)

A

appendix

muscularis mucosae is nearly absent and is interupted by large lymph nodes

luman is angular in shape

thinner muscualris exerterna

smaller in diameter than the colon

96
Q

what tissue is this? how does the layer being pointed to differ in the appendix vs. the colon?

A

muscalris externa in the colon

in the appendix, the muscalris mucosa is almost absent . and is interupted by large lymphoid glands.

97
Q

is this ileum or appendix? how can you tell

A

obvious – ileum has villi!

(this face of the card shows the appendix)

98
Q

what are the changes in the rectal epithelium as it gets closer to the anal canal?

A

1) rectal crypts become shorter and further apart near the anus.

2) rectum epithelium (simple columnar) -> anal canal (stratified squamous eqithelium

3) hair follicles and sebaceous glands in the anal canal

99
Q

what is this? how do you know

A

recto-anal junction

epithelium changes from simple columnar with goblet cells (rectum)

to stratified squamous epithelium (anal canal)

100
Q

what features can be found in the anal canal?

A

in addition to the stratified squamous epithleium,

hair follicles and sebaeous glands

101
Q

black box

A

internal anal sphincter

made of smooth muscle

102
Q

what is this?

A

liver lobule

103
Q

what is in blue? what surrounds it?

A

portal canal

fibrous connective tissue also surrounds the elements of the portal triads in the portal canals

104
Q
A

glissons capsule of the liver

105
Q

?

106
Q
A

hepatic artery

107
Q
A

portal vein

108
Q

what is this? where is it found?

where does this empty into?

A

sublobular vein

larger than other central vein, found inbetween lobes (away from canal)

sobulobular veins join to form the hepatic vein

109
Q

top yellow arrow

what does this empty into?

A

central vein of the liver

empties into the sublobular veins -> hepatic veins -> IVC

110
Q

what si this?

A

hepatic vein

not inbetween lobes, and not near portal canal

has a well-developed adventitia

111
Q

what is this?

A

perisinusoidal space (space of Disse) lie_s between the endothelial cells of the sinusoids and the adjoining hepatocytes._

113
Q

what is this? waht is its function?

A

kupffer cell

they destroy aged erythrocytes (along with the spleen), digest hemoglobin, and destroy bacteria.

114
Q

what slide is this?

what is top arrow?

bottom arrow?

A

liver

top – portal vein

bottom - hepatic vein

115
Q
A

hepatic arteriole

116
Q

what layers are present in the gallbladder?

A

mucosa, muscularis, and a serosa

117
Q

what organ is here (how do you know)?

A

gallbladder

tubular organ

three layers: only mucosa, muscualris, and serosa

numerous folds and diveritcula, with no goblet cells

serosa is vascularized

118
Q

what is the D? where is it found

A

diverticula, found in the gallbladder

119
Q

what muscle type in the gallbladder?

A

smooth muscle

120
Q

what slide is this? how do you know?

A

gallbladder

highly vascularized serosa (middle part)

has onyl 3 layers, no submucosa or musclaris mucosae

121
Q

3 in the gallbladder?

A

lamina propria

122
Q

4

A

muscularis

123
Q

what cell is this? function?

A

oxyphil cell

have pink cytoplasm

unknwon function

124
Q

what cell is this in the parathyroid? function?

A

chief cell

small numerous, lavender cytoplasm

secretes parathyoid hormone

125
Q

what is this in parathyroid?

A

blood vessel.. don’t get it confused with oxyphil cells which are also pink ..

126
Q

what is on right? what is on left?

A

right – anterior pituitary - more intenseily stained

left – posterior pituitary

127
Q

middle arrow. what is this?

A

Rathke’s cysts

an outpocketing of oral ectoderm that served as the precursor of the anterior lobe during embryonic development

128
Q

what is this in the anterior pituitary slide?

A

sinusoidal capillary

129
Q

what are these celsl?

where are they found?

what do they produce?

A

acidophils in the anterior pituitary

produce either 1. somatotropic or growth hormone

  1. prolactin (mammotropic)
130
Q

what are these cells? where are they found? what od they secrete

A

basophils in the anterior pituitary

produce either 1. glycoprotein hormones (FSH, LH, TSH)

  1. small polypeptide (AcTH and B-LPH)
131
Q

where is this?

A

anterior pituitary

132
Q

identify. what type of cells are these? what role do they have? where is this?

A

pituicytes in the posterior pituirary

they are neuroglia-like cells, and have a supportive role in the pituitary

133
Q
A

herring body

lavender round/oval

represent dialted axons of hypothalamic neurons

134
Q
A

herring body

lavender round/oval

represent dialted axons of hypothalamic neurons

135
Q

what si this? what slide is this?

A

capsule in the adrenal gland

136
Q

2?

what hormones are produced here?

how is it regualted?

A

zona glomerulosa

secretes - Mineralocorti‐ coids (primarily aldosterone)

regulated by - angiotensin 2

137
Q

3?

what is produced here? what regulates this?

A

zona fascilulata

secretes – Glucocorticoids (primarily cortisol), some DHEA

regulated by – acth

138
Q

4? what is produced here? what regualtes it?

A

zona reticularis

produces – Cortisol and a weak androgen (DHEA)

regualted by – acth

139
Q

3? (to the right)

what is produced here?

what is it regulated by?

A

adrenal medulla

produces – Catecholamines: epinephrine, norepinephrine

regulated by – sympathetic NS

140
Q

describe differences in adrenal medulla vs. cortex

A

adrenal medulla has larger cells and has relatively pale cells that form clusters

cytoplasm of the cortex has a relatively high number of lipid droplets – cells here appear “spongy”

141
Q

silver salt stains will react with cells containing ____.

these cells are called ____ cells.

A

catecholamines

cells of the medulla are called argentaffin

142
Q

what is this slide? what are the arrows pointing to?

A

pancreas slide

islet of langerhans

Histology (2 decks)

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