Glass, Plastics, and Foam Flashcards
common uses of glass plastics and foam
- SHEET MATERIALS, SURFACING, DECKING, PIPING,
- STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
- DURABLE, ROT RESISTANT, LIGHTWEIGHT
- COLORFUL, REFLECTIVE, TRANSPARENT, TRANSLUCENT, OPAQUE
- PRODUCE ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS FROM RAW MATERIAL ACQUISITION TO MANUFACTURING
- RECYCLABLE OR REUSABLE
what are the raw materials of Glass?
- SILICA - SANDSTONE DEPOSITS
- SODIUM - SODA ASH SALT: (FLUX)
- CALCIUM - LIMESTONE OR DOLOMITE: (STABILIZER)
- ADDITIVES - POTASH, LEAD, BORON: ALTER (STRENGTH + SHOCK RESISTANCE), ALUMINUM, NICKEL OXIDE, COBALT, GOLD, COPPER, SELENIUM, ARSENIC: (COLORING AGENTS)
What are the three glass types?
- SODIUM LIME SILICA - FLOAT GLASS
- BOROSILICATE - HEAT RESISTANT GLASS
- ALUMINOSILICATE - HIGH, THERMAL IMPACT GLASS
What are seven properties of Glass?
- SUPERCOOLED LIQUID
- NO FIXED MELTING POINT
- OPEN, MICROCRYSTALLINE MICROSTRUCTURE
- STRONGER THAN STEEL, BUT LESS STIFF
- FAILS INSTANTLY
- VARIETY OF OPACITIES, COLORS, AND COATINGS
- ANNEALED TO ELIMINATE THERMAL STRESSES
What are the five characteristics of Laminated Glass
- COMPOSITE MATERIAL
- POLYVINYL BUTYRATE (PVB) SANDWICHED BETWEEN GLASS SHEETS
- BONDED THROUGH HEAT AND PRESSURE
- SAFETY GLAZING
- PVB INNER LAYER PRODUCED IN VARIETY OF OPACITIES AND COLORS
What are six characteristics of Tempered Glass
- SHEETS OF ANNEALED GLASS CUT TO SIZE AND DRILLED (IF APPLICABLE), THEN REHEATED TO 1200F
- SHEETS ARE RAPIDLY COOLED WITH BLASTS OF AIR, WHEREBY FACES COOL MORE RAPIDLY THAN CORE
- PROCESS INDUCES COMPRESSIVE STRESSES ON FACES AND EDGES, TENSILE STRESSES IN CORE
- FOUR TIMES STRONGER IN BENDING THAN ANNEALED
- WHEN BREAKS, INTERNAL STRESSES CREATE SMALL GRANULES RATHER THAN LARGE, SHARP EDGED SHARDS
- SAFETY APPLICATIONS
Glass Aggregate
- GLASS CULLET, POST CONSUMER WASTE
- SUPPLY CONSISTENCY VARIES
- WHEN UTILIZED IN CONCRETE, ALKALI SILICA REACTION (ASR) MAY OCCUR WITH COARSE MATERIAL, CAUSING CRACKS AND DAMAGE TO CONCRETE
- TO LIMIT ASR, UTILIZE GREEN OR AMBER GLASS, AGGREGATES AT MESH SIZE #50
ADMIXTURES SUCH AS METAKAOLIN AND FLY ASH, ASR RESISTANT CEMENTS,OR CONCRETE FOR NONSTRUCTURAL USES
What are the two types of Plastic?
- THERMOPLASTIC - CAN BE REPEATEDLY SOFTENED AND HARDENED BY REHEATING MATERIAL
- THERMOSETS - SET INTO PERMANENT SHAPE DURING FORMING; CANNOT BE REHEATED
What are the 6 types of thermoplastics?
- ACRYLICS - PMMA - GLAZING, LIGHTING, LATEX PAINTS
- CELLULOSICS - CAB - PIPING, OUTDOOR LIGHTING
- POLYAMIDES (NYLONS) - PA - SYNTHETIC FIBERS, FILAMENTS, MOLDED PARTS
- POLYCARBONATES - PC - GLAZING, LIGHTING
- POLYETHYLENES - PE - VAPOR RETARDERS, DAMPPROOFING
- VINYLS - PVC - PIPING, ROOFING, FOAM, PVB - LAMINATED GLASS
Thermosets
- EPOXIES - EP ADHESIVES AND COATINGS
- MELAMINES - MF LAMINATES
- PHENOLICSPF LAMINATES
- POLYESTERS - PROTECTIVE COATINGS, FILMS, RESINS
- POLYURETHANES - UP - FOAMS
- SILICONES SI WATER RESISTANT COATINGS, SEALANTS
- UREAS - UF - MOLDED HARDWARE FITTINGS, ADHESIVES, FOAMS
What are the five types of Plastic modifiers
- PLASTICIZERS
- FILLERS
- REINFORCING AGENTS
- STABILIZERS
- COLORING AGENTS
What are seven properties of Plastics?
- STRENGTH + STIFFNESS
- TOUGHNESS + HARDNESS
- CREEP
- THERMAL EXPANSION
- CONDUCTIVITY
- SERVICE TEMPERATURES
- CORROSION RESISTANCE
What are the five applications of plastic?
- GLAZING - WALLS, RAILINGS, CANOPIES
- DRAINAGE - PIPING, GEOTEXTILES, DRAINAGE MATS 3. SOIL STABILIZATION - GEOTEXTILES
- SYNTHETIC TURF
- STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS - PLASTIC LUMBER, GRATING
What are the two types of Plastic Glazing?
ACRYLIC
POLYCARBONATES
What are the two main types of Plastic Piping?
- HDPE - IRRIGATION, PRESSURIZED AND NON-PRESSURIZED, SEWER PIPE, STORM WATER, WASTE WATER
- PEX - APPLICATIONS EXPOSED TO HIGH TEMPERATURE LIQUIDS
What are the two types of Geotextiles?
POLYPROPYLENE OR POLYESTER FABRICS - THREE FORMS: WOVE, NEEDLE PUNCHED, OR HEAT BONDED
What are the four uses for Geotextiles?
- DRAINAGE, FILTER FABRICS
- SOIL STABILIZATION
- WEED BARRIER
- NATURAL BASED PRODUCTS MAY BE AVAILABLE AS SUBSTITUTES
What are the three characteristics of Synthetic Turf?
- FIBER: SLIT-FILM OR MONOFILAMENT POLYETHYLENE FIBERS
- INFILL: SILICA SAND AND CRUMB RUBBER (30%)720,000 LBS UTILIZED FOR ONE FIELD
- BACKING (PRIMARY + SECONDARY): POLYPROPYLENE AND URETHANE
What are the characteristics of Plastic and Composite Lumber
GREATER CREEP, THERMAL EXPANSION, AND WEIGHT THAN WOODLESS MOISTURE ABSORPTION, GOOD FOR GROUND CONTACT LESS STRENGTH
What are the three types of plastic + composite lumber?
What are their characteristics?
- SINGLE RESIN - ONE PLASTIC TYPE, USUALLY HDPE OR PVC MORE EASILY RECYCLED
- COMMINGLED - TWO OR MORE TYPES, LESS EXPENSIVE, BUT MORE VARIABLE IN PERFORMANCE 3. COMPOSITE - BLEND OF RECYCLED PLASTIC, FIBERGLASS, AND WOOD FILLER, NON RECYCLABLE
What are the two types of Rubber?
- ELASTIC HYDROCARBON POLYMER
2. NATURAL (LATEX ) OR SYNTHETIC (PETROLEUM BASED MONOMERS)
What are the 4 rubber products?
- WATERPROOFING
- SPORTS SURFACES + PLAYSCAPES
- SHOCK ABSORBING COMPONENTS
- STRUCTURAL BEARING SURFACES OR PADS
What are the two types of Foam and what are their characteristics?
- OPEN CELL - INTERCONNECTED MATRIX OF CELLS OR PORES PERMEABLE TO MOISTURE AND AIR LESS DENSE, LESS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
- CLOSED CELL - INDIVIDUAL, SEPARATE CELLS OR PORES SEMI-IMPERMEABLE TO WATER VAPOR AND AIR DENSE, HIGH COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH GREATER THERMAL RESISTANCE (R-VALUE)
What are the two types of Rigid foam boards and blocks?
- EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE - EPS - ABOVE AND BELOW GRADE PREDICTABLE BEHAVIOR INERT, LIGHTWEIGHT (1% OF EARTH MATERIALS) BORATES FOR INSECT RESISTANCE
- EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE - XPS - ABOVE AND BELOW GRADE INSULATE RUNWAYS + ROADS REDUCE FROST HEAVE REDUCE AGGREGATE SUBBASE
