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2ND Year - CSA clinical aspects > Glass ionomer cement > Flashcards

Glass ionomer cement Flashcards

1
Q

When were glass ionomer cements first used?

A

1971

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2
Q

Why were composite fillings not used much in 1971?

A

As bonding wasn’t very well understood so composite fillings didn’t last very long
Also patients often suffered from secondary caries

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3
Q

What was he best material for restorations back in the 1970s?

A

Gold as it was hard wearing

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4
Q

What material was used in the 170s but isn’t used that much anymore?

A

Silicate cement

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5
Q

What is silicate cement made up o?

A

Glass powder and polycarboxylic acid

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6
Q

Describe silicate cement

A

It is kinda sooth coloured
It sets harder than silicate
Releases fluoride
It chemically bonds to enamel and dentine

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7
Q

What components make up glass ionomers?

A

Ion leachable glass
Long poly acid chains
Both suspended in a solution of water

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8
Q

Name the 3 main stages of th setting reaction that occurs with GICs

A
  1. Dissolution
  2. Gelation/ hardening
  3. Maturation
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9
Q

When does dissolution start?

A

When water is added to The acid

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10
Q

What is a poly acid?

A

A long polymer chain with lots of carboxylic groups on it

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11
Q

What happens when water is added to the poly acid?

A 
The protons (H+ ions) become liberated an mango of into the solution 
This leads negative carboxylic acid croups on the poly acid chin
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12
Q

What makes up the glass part of GIC?

A 
Silicate
Calcium 
aluminium
fluoride 
This is called: Calcium – Alumino-Fluoro – Silicate glass
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13
Q

How the hydrogen ions react with the Calcium – Alumino-Fluoro – Silicate glass

A

They erode away at the glass causing the ions that make up mass to move into the solution

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14
Q

What happens to the calcium and aluminium ions in solution?

A

They come across negatively charged poly acid chains

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15
Q

How many poly acid chains can calcium ions attach to?

A

2 as they are positively charged by 2

This leads to cross linking

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16
Q

As the calcium binds to poly acid chain what happens?

A

It releases 2 fluoride ions

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17
Q

How much time does intake for the hardening process to start?

A

4ish secs

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18
Q

What happens during maturation?

A

More and more calcium and aluminium ions cross link acid chains

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19
Q

What risk is present during the maturation phase?

A

Until the aluminium and calcium ions form cross links they may be lost from the material into the saliva f the restoration gets wet
This can make the restorations weak

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20
Q

How can we minimise the loss of calcium an aluminium during the maturation phase?

A

By coating the GIC once its hardened using a garish to bonding resin

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21
Q

What improves the wear resistance of a glass ionomer?

A

Using a varnish

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22
Q

Lists the benefits of glass ionomer cement

A
  1. it is easier use
  2. Doesn’t need bond
  3. Tolerates moisture
  4. Chemically bonds to enamel and dentine
  5. Releases fluoride
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23
Q

How does GIC bind to enamel and dentine

A

Some of the hydrogen ions come into contact with the tooth surface
This releases calcium and phosphate ions from the apatite
Some of these minerals diffuses into the glass ionomer

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24
Q

What do we need to do to improve GIC adhesion to the tooth?

A

Remove the smear layer

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25
Q

What issued to remove the smear layer?

A

10% polyacrylic acid

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26
Q

What is polyacrylic acid also Called?

A

Dentine conditioner

27
Q

How do we use 10% polyacrylic acid?

A

We apply it onto the tooth before placing the glass ionomer
Leave it on for 20 secs
Then wash it off

28
Q

What does adding a conditioner increase?

A

The percentage gap free margins following 100,000 chewing cycles

29
Q

Describe how much fluoride is released from GIC

A

Initially a lot of fluoride is released then most of it is lost so overtime less is released

30
Q

Whats the main reason fo the removal of GICs?

A

Secondary caries

31
Q

How many GIC restorations were removed du to secondary caries in 1996?

A

50% of 790

32
Q

What are the benefits of the fluoride release process?

A
  1. Greater caries inhibition seen than amalgam
  2. Significantly greater caries preventive effect than composite
  3. Significantly fewer demineralised restoration margin in class II restorations in deciduous teeth
33
Q

What are the disadvantages of glass ionomers?

A
  1. Weaker compared to other material
  2. Poor aesthetic compared to composite
  3. Poorer survival time compared to other materials
34
Q

What happens t the colour of GIC overtime?

A

It changes colour overtime becoming more translucent

This can make the restoration look more tooth coloured or make it look worse

35
Q

Which restoration material has the lowest mean survival time ?

36
Q

What happens if we mix amalgam powder to the glass ionomer mix what do we get?

A

Silver cerment

37
Q

Does silver carment haven benefits?

A

It is more resistant to acid but it deteriorates the aesthetics of a GIC

38
Q

What are he negatives of silver cerment?

A
  1. Lower Flexural strength

2. More prone to abrasion

39
Q

What did chemists do to GIC in 1989?

A

They added HEMA to the Glass ionomer

40
Q

What is HEMA

A

It is a monomer in the composite bonding agent and it can polymerise in he presence of blue light

41
Q

How can HEMA be added to GIC?

A
  1. Can be added as a liquid

2. Can be added chemically to replace some of the carboxylic groups on the poly acid chain

42
Q

What do we call GIC that has added resin?

A

Resin modified glass ionomer cement

RMGIC

43
Q

Give some advantages of RMGIC

A
  1. Better aesthetics
  2. Command set
  3. More resistant to losing ions during maturation
  4. Its stronger
44
Q

What are the disadvantages of RMGIC?

A
  1. Doesn’t bond to the tooth surface as he hydrogen ions are all Locked down when the restoration is set
  2. Doesn’t release as much fluoride
  3. Polymerisation shrinkage
45
Q

Which teeth is RMGIC more suitable for?

A

Anterior teeth

46
Q

What development occurred to GIC in the mid 1990s?

A

More filler was adde

47
Q

What does adding filler to GiC do?

A

Adds strength and wear resistant

48
Q

What are some of the problems associated with current GICs?

A
  1. They are weak
  2. They fracture easily
  3. Wear is high
  4. It is complicated to use
  5. Short workable time
  6. Stops acting like GIC once cured
49
Q

What is the newest most recent development in GIC?

A

Zinc reinforcement

50
Q

How is zinc added to GIC?

A

Calcium ions are replaced by zinc ions

51
Q

Name the zinc reinforced GIC we use?

52
Q

Give some benefits of zinc reinforced GIC

A
  1. Best strength
  2. Bonds directly to enamel and dentine
    3 N conditioning or varnish required
53
Q

State an ideal situation where Zinc reinforced GIC be used ?

A

In compromised situations like a restless child

54
Q

Give some examples of whenGIC would be the best restoration materials?

A
  1. Cavities extending below the CEJ
  2. Temporisation
  3. Stepwise excavation
  4. Fissure sealants
55
Q

Which type of GIC would you use to restore a cavity extending below he CEJ/

A

RMGIC
OR
Traditional GIC

56
Q

When placing a temporary restoration which restoration material would you use?

A

Traditional GIC for example Fuji triage

57
Q

Why would reuse fuji triage when placing a temporary restoration?

A

As it is a very different clout sound tooth issue so I can be easily removed

58
Q

Give some indications of traditional GIC

A
  1. Sub-gingival restorations
    2, Temporary restorations
  2. Stepwise Excavation
59
Q

Give examples of traditional GIC

A
  1. Chemfil
  2. Fuji Triage
    3 .Fuji IX
60
Q

Give some indications of Resin modified GIC

A
  1. Non load-bearing restoration

2. Bonded amalgam

61
Q

Give examples of resin modified GIC?

A

Fuji II LC

62
Q

Give some indications of zinc reinforced GIC

A
  1. Long term temporary
  2. Caries management
    3 Fissure sealant
63
Q

Give some examples of zinc reinforced GIC

A

Chemfil Rock

2ND Year - CSA clinical aspects (4 decks)

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