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Gnant Forensic Science > Glass > Flashcards

Glass Flashcards

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1
Q

a type of glass formed by volcanoes; used as a cutting tool.

A

obsidian

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2
Q

This hard material is made by melting sand, lime (calcium oxide), and sodium oxide at very high temperatures.

A

Glass

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3
Q

This type of glass contains sodium carbonate and calcium oxide; melt at lower temperature; inexpensive and strong

A

Soda-lime glass

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4
Q

Because glass is this, glass molecules can slip around each other; Atoms are arranged in a random fashion in this;

A

Amorphous solid

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5
Q

This type of glass has boron oxide added to make it more heat resistant; Pyrex; used in cookware, thermometers, auto headlights…etc;

A

Borosilicate glass

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6
Q

This type of glass is cooled on molten tin; very flat and used for windows and pictures

A

Float glass

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7
Q

What are fine glassware and decorative art glass called

A

leaded glass or crystal

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8
Q

What makes the glass denser and shiner

A

lead oxide

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9
Q

(T/F) Each type of glass has a density that is specific to that glass

A

True

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10
Q

What is the formula to calculate density?

A

D=m/v; m=mass of a substance, v=volume

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11
Q

give me one unit for density

A

g/mL

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12
Q

What is the change in the direction of light as it speeds up or slows down when moving from one medium into another?

A

Refraction

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13
Q

What tool is used to study how light bends as it passes through one substance and into another?

A

refractive index

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14
Q

How is the refractive index of a substance calculated?

A

dividing the speed of light in a vacuum by the speed of light through that particular substance.

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15
Q

If the density of the medium increases, what happens to the speed of light passing through that material?

A

decreases

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16
Q

What is the “normal” when we are talking about light beams?

A

a line perpendicular to the surface where the two different medium meet.

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17
Q

What is the light passing through the first medium? and its angle?

A

incident ray, angle of incidence

18
Q

what is the light that passes through the second medium? and its angle?

A

refracted ray, angle of refraction

19
Q

What is the Snell’s law

A

n1(sine angle1) = n2(sine angle2); n1=the refractive index of medium 1

20
Q

What method involves placing the glass fragments into different liquids of known refractive indexes?

A

The submersion method

21
Q

If a piece of glass and liquid have the same refractive index, what will happen?

A

The glass fragments will seem to disappear.

22
Q

What appears when the refracted light becomes concentrated around the edges of the glass fragment? What kind of shape does it have?

A

Becke line; halo-like ring

23
Q

If the refractive index of the glass is higher than the refractive index of the surrounding liquid, where is Becke line located?

A

Inside the perimeter of the glass

24
Q

If the refractive index of the surrounding medium is higher than the refractive index of the glass, where is the Becke line located?

A

on the outside of the perimeter of the glass fragment.

25
Q

What is the name of fracture patterns formed on the surface when glass breaks?

A

Primary radial fractures

26
Q

What fractures form on the side opposite to the point of impact?

A

Radial fractures

27
Q

What fractures are the secondary?

A

concentric circles

28
Q

What fractures take the form of concentric circles around the point of impact?

A

concentric circle fractures

29
Q

What fractures form on the same side of the glass as the point of impact?

A

concentric circle fractures

30
Q

What fractures are formed on the opposite side of the glass that are impacted?

A

Radial fracture

31
Q

What fractures are formed on the same side as the impact or force on the glass?

A

Concentric fractures

32
Q

If the shot originated at an angle coming from the right, which way will glass pieces be forced out?, leaving an irregular oval hole to the what side?

A

Left

33
Q

What characteristics will a high-speed bullet fired from a great distance often exhibit?

A

characteristics of a slower-speed bullet fried from a closer range.

34
Q

What glass is a combination of two or more types of glass, one hard and one soft?

A

Bulletproof glass

35
Q

(Hard or Soft?) layer makes the glass more elastic, so it can flex instead of shatter.

A

Softer

36
Q

known as safety glass, used for windshield glass.

A

Tempered glass

37
Q

What kind of glass cracks but not break apart; break into small, nearly cubic pieces?

A

Tempered glass

38
Q

When a window breaks, what fragments projected backward because glass shatters, fragments collide and tumble in various directions?

A

Backscatter

39
Q

When will wavy fracture lines develop in glass?

A

when glass is exposed to high heat.

40
Q

When will glass leave no radial or concentric circle fracture patterns?

A

Heat fracturing

Gnant Forensic Science (6 decks)

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