Glass Flashcards
a type of glass formed by volcanoes; used as a cutting tool.
obsidian
This hard material is made by melting sand, lime (calcium oxide), and sodium oxide at very high temperatures.
Glass
This type of glass contains sodium carbonate and calcium oxide; melt at lower temperature; inexpensive and strong
Soda-lime glass
Because glass is this, glass molecules can slip around each other; Atoms are arranged in a random fashion in this;
Amorphous solid
This type of glass has boron oxide added to make it more heat resistant; Pyrex; used in cookware, thermometers, auto headlights…etc;
Borosilicate glass
This type of glass is cooled on molten tin; very flat and used for windows and pictures
Float glass
What are fine glassware and decorative art glass called
leaded glass or crystal
What makes the glass denser and shiner
lead oxide
(T/F) Each type of glass has a density that is specific to that glass
True
What is the formula to calculate density?
D=m/v; m=mass of a substance, v=volume
give me one unit for density
g/mL
What is the change in the direction of light as it speeds up or slows down when moving from one medium into another?
Refraction
What tool is used to study how light bends as it passes through one substance and into another?
refractive index
How is the refractive index of a substance calculated?
dividing the speed of light in a vacuum by the speed of light through that particular substance.
If the density of the medium increases, what happens to the speed of light passing through that material?
decreases
What is the “normal” when we are talking about light beams?
a line perpendicular to the surface where the two different medium meet.
What is the light passing through the first medium? and its angle?
incident ray, angle of incidence
what is the light that passes through the second medium? and its angle?
refracted ray, angle of refraction
What is the Snell’s law
n1(sine angle1) = n2(sine angle2); n1=the refractive index of medium 1
What method involves placing the glass fragments into different liquids of known refractive indexes?
The submersion method
If a piece of glass and liquid have the same refractive index, what will happen?
The glass fragments will seem to disappear.
What appears when the refracted light becomes concentrated around the edges of the glass fragment? What kind of shape does it have?
Becke line; halo-like ring
If the refractive index of the glass is higher than the refractive index of the surrounding liquid, where is Becke line located?
Inside the perimeter of the glass
If the refractive index of the surrounding medium is higher than the refractive index of the glass, where is the Becke line located?
on the outside of the perimeter of the glass fragment.
What is the name of fracture patterns formed on the surface when glass breaks?
Primary radial fractures
What fractures form on the side opposite to the point of impact?
Radial fractures
What fractures are the secondary?
concentric circles
What fractures take the form of concentric circles around the point of impact?
concentric circle fractures
What fractures form on the same side of the glass as the point of impact?
concentric circle fractures
What fractures are formed on the opposite side of the glass that are impacted?
Radial fracture
What fractures are formed on the same side as the impact or force on the glass?
Concentric fractures
If the shot originated at an angle coming from the right, which way will glass pieces be forced out?, leaving an irregular oval hole to the what side?
Left
What characteristics will a high-speed bullet fired from a great distance often exhibit?
characteristics of a slower-speed bullet fried from a closer range.
What glass is a combination of two or more types of glass, one hard and one soft?
Bulletproof glass
(Hard or Soft?) layer makes the glass more elastic, so it can flex instead of shatter.
Softer
known as safety glass, used for windshield glass.
Tempered glass
What kind of glass cracks but not break apart; break into small, nearly cubic pieces?
Tempered glass
When a window breaks, what fragments projected backward because glass shatters, fragments collide and tumble in various directions?
Backscatter
When will wavy fracture lines develop in glass?
when glass is exposed to high heat.
When will glass leave no radial or concentric circle fracture patterns?
Heat fracturing
