Glands & Secretions

Question 1

Secretion involves three distinct cellular activities:

Answer 1

-uptake of simple materials from the Extracellular Fluid
-processing of these within the cell to produce a more complex product
-release or transport of these proteins

Question 2

Excretion is the

Answer 2

Removal of waste

Question 3

Glandular tissue is derived from

Answer 3

Secretory epithelium

Question 4

Two types of glands, give two examples

Answer 4

-Exocrine (sweat glands, salivary glands)
-Endocrine (pancreas, thyroid)

Question 5

Which type of gland releases their secretory products onto surface epithelium via ducts

Answer 5

Exocrine

Question 6

Hormones are released

Answer 6

Directly into blood / lymph

Question 7

Endocrine glands lack a

Answer 7

Duct

Question 8

Secretion of products directly into blood or lymph is done through

Answer 8

Endocrine glands

Question 9

3 modes of secretion in exocrine glands

Answer 9

-Merocrine (eccrine)
-Apocrine
-Holocrine

Question 10

Most common form of exocrine secretion is

Answer 10

Merocrine (eccrine)

Question 11

Which mode of exocrine secretion results in the death of a cell

Answer 11

Holocrine

Question 12

Merocrine (eccrine) exocrine secretion and examples

Answer 12

-vesicles are released via Exocytosis when the vesicle membranes fuse with the cell membrane
-some sweat glands and salivary glands

Question 13

Apocrine exocrine secretion and examples

Answer 13

-secretory vesicles accumulate at the apical portion of the cell, a mass of cytoplasm and vesicle are then pinched off
-mammary gland, some sweat glands

Question 14

Holocrine exocrine secretion and an example

Answer 14

-secretory products accumulate and the cell ruptures/dies
-sebaceous glands

Question 15

Glands can be classified based on (4)

Answer 15

-mode of secretion
-structure
-morphology
-nature of product

Question 16

Two structures of exocrine glands

Answer 16

-unicellular
-multicellular

Question 17

Unicellular exocrine gland is

Answer 17

Goblet cells of the digestive and respiratory tracts

Question 18

Goblet cells secrete ___ that becomes ___

Answer 18

Mucin —> Mucous

Question 19

Most exocrine glands are

Answer 19

Multicellular

Question 20

Goblet cells are found

Answer 20

Amongst columnar cells of epithelium within the digestive and respiratory tracts

Question 21

Mixing mucigen and H2O creates

Answer 21

Mucous

Question 22

Mucigen is released by ___ secretion of the ____ cell

Answer 22

Merocrine; goblet

Question 23

Goblet cell structure (3)

Answer 23

-theca (expanded apical portion) contains mucigen droplets
-basal nucleus
-basophilic cytoplasm

Question 24

In multicellular exocrine glands, secretion

Answer 24

Is discharged from the cell surface into the duct and then to the epithelial surface

Question 25

Multicellular exocrine glands can be classified according to morphology (2)

Answer 25

-duct system -secretory end pieces

Question 26

Three types of duct systems

Answer 26

-Simple (single and unbranched duct, may be coiled) -Simple Branched (2+ secretory areas that empty into a common duct) -Compound (branched duct system)

Question 27

Three types of Secretory End Pieces

Answer 27

-Tubular -Alveolar/Acinar (rounded cluster of cells) -Tubuloalveolar (tubular region ending in a rounded alveolus)

Question 28

Example of Simple Tubular Exocrine Gland

Answer 28

Intestinal glands

Question 29

Example of Simple Coiled Tubular exocrine gland

Answer 29

Sweat glands

Question 30

Example of Simple Branched Tubular exocrine glands

Answer 30

Stomach glands

Question 31

Example of Simple Alveolar exocrine gland

Answer 31

Urethra

Question 32

Example of Simple Branched Alveolar exocrine gland

Answer 32

Sebaceous gland

Question 33

A lobe is __ and is separated by ___

Answer 33

Many lobules; collagenous connective tissue

Question 34

Secretory portions of glands form __ which may cluster into __

Answer 34

Lobules; lobes

Question 35

Connective tissue septae (2)

Answer 35

-where nerves, blood, and lymph vessels enter gland -separates Lobes

Question 36

Compound gland duct systems begin within the lobules as

Answer 36

Intercalated ducts

Question 37

Intercalated ducts become

Answer 37

Intralobular (striated) duct

Question 38

Intralobular (striated) ducts become

Answer 38

Intralobar Ducts (ie. within the LOBE)

Question 39

Example of Compound Tubular exocrine gland

Answer 39

Brunner’s glands in duodenum

Question 40

The exocrine pancreas is an example of what duct system

Answer 40

Compound alveolar

Question 41

Example of Compound Tubuloalveolar exocrine gland

Answer 41

Salivary gland

Question 42

Example of Compound Alveolar (Acinar) exocrine gland

Answer 42

Exocrine pancreas

Question 43

Three types of secretory products of exocrine glands

Answer 43

-Mucous Glands (secrete mucin, a thick sticky glycoprotein) -Serous Glands (watery and filled with enzymes) -Mixed Glands (contain more than one cell type —> produce both mucous and serous secretions)

Question 44

Most exocrine glands will secrete at a

Answer 44

Low level continuously

Question 45

The rate of exocrine secretion is modulated by (3)

Answer 45

-hormones -autonomic Innervation -combination of both

Question 46

Which gland is both exocrine and endocrine

Answer 46

Pancreas

Question 47

What are the endocrine glands of the pancreas called

Answer 47

Islet of Langerhans

Question 48

Secretory product of the thyroid is

Answer 48

Colloid; thyroglobulin

Question 49

In the thyroid, the endocrine cells are

Answer 49

Arranged into follicles surrounding a mass of secretory product

Question 50

Endocrine secretions are

Answer 50

Hormones (proteins and steroids)

Question 51

Endocrine glands are adapted for

Answer 51

Storing and releasing products as required

Question 52

Storage of products in endocrine glands is

Answer 52

Usually intracellular; in the thyroid it is stored in extracellular follicles

Question 53

Endocrine glands are usually ___ secretion

Answer 53

Merocrine

Question 54

Endocrine Glands (3)

Answer 54

-connection with surface epithelium is lost (ie. secretory cell has NO connection to epithelium) -well vascularized -secrete products directly into blood or lymph and transported throughout body to target organ/tissue