Glands Independent Learning Sep 26

Question 1

How do glands form?

Answer 1

Cells from the surface epithelium will grow down into the underlying connective tissue.

If exocrine: the connecting cells will persist to form a duct and the deepest cells become secretory

If endocrine: the connecting cells disappear, but the deepest cells remain to secrete into the capillaries

Question 2

What are glands

Answer 2

organs composed of individual or groups of cells specialized for the funciton of secretion

Question 3

Within the gland structure, what is the epithelial component called? What is the connective tissue component called?

Answer 3

1. stroma: connective tissue component that supports parenchyma
2. parenchyma: epithelial component of the gland

Question 4

What are 4 classification schemes for glands?

Answer 4

1. Presence or abscence of Ducts
2. Method of Product DIscharge by Cells
3. The number of cells in the gland (unicellular or multicellular)
4. Nature of the secretory product

Question 5

What are the three modes of secretion (on the gland level, not the cellular)?

Answer 5

1. exocrine glands
2. endocrine glands
3. mixed glands

Question 6

Describe exocrine glands

Answer 6

They have ducts

THeir secretions pass onto an epithelial surface

Question 7

Describe endocrine glands

Answer 7

These do NOT have ducts

Their secretions enter the blood or lymphatic system

Question 8

Describe misxed glands. WHere are they found in the body?

Answer 8

They contain both exocrine and endocrine components

Pancreas and testes are exampes

Question 9

What are the three methods of product discharge by cells?

Answer 9

1. Merocrine (eccrine) gland
2. Apocrine gland
3. Holocrine gland

Question 10

Describe a merocrine (eccrine) gland

Answer 10

The cell remains completely intact

the cell product is release via exocytosis throught he membrane

Question 11

Describe secretion from an apocrine gland?

Answer 11

A portion of the cell is lost during the secretory process

Question 12

Describe secretion from a holocrine gland.

Answer 12

An entire daughter cell becomes part of a secretory product

Question 13

There are different natures of secretory products. What are they?

Answer 13

Serous

Mucous

Question 14

Describe a serous gland

Answer 14

product a thin, watery secretion

the nucleis are rounded and are seen near the base of the cell

the cytolasm at the base of the cell is strongly basophili due to numerous free ribosomes and RER

The apical cytoplasm may be occupied by granular material

Question 15

Describe a mucous gland

Answer 15

produce a viscous slippery secretion

the nuclei are flattened against the base of the cell in th esecretory uits

the cytoplasm at the base of the cell is NOT strongly basophilic

the apical cytoplasm tnds to look bubbly or foamy due tot he presence of amny mucous secretory vesicles or droplets

Question 16

Describe a mized serous/mucous gland

Answer 16

It contains both mucous and serous secretory portions

the serous portion is frequently present in the form of demilune, which are crescent shapped groups of serous cells capping the mucous secreting units

Question 17

What is a unicellular exocrine gland called?

Describe its overall structure

Answer 17

A goblet cell

The RER is located down neae the basal lamina, this is where protein syntehsis and the initial glycosylatin occurs

The secretion then travels up to the golgi complex where terminal glycosylation and sulfation happems

Near the top the glycoprotine grandules accumulate

At the apical surface the granules are exocytosed out of the cell onto the surface

The whole process takes about 1.5 hours

Question 18

What are the two guildlines for classifying multicellular exocrine glands?

Answer 18

The extent of duct branching (does it branch or not/)

Shape of the secretory unit

Question 19

If a duct doesn’t branch is it called a _____gland

If a durct does branch, it is called a _______gland,

Answer 19

a simple gland

a compound gland

Question 20

WHat are the 3 possible shapes of the secretory unit in a multicellular exocrine gland?

Answer 20

1. tubular
2. alveolar
3. tubuloalveolar

Question 21

What does a tubular secretory unit look like?

WHat does an alveolar/acinar/saccular secretory unit look like?

What does a tubuloalveolar secretory unit look like?

Answer 21

Tubular just looks like a tube

Alveolar is more flaskline

a tubuloalveolar is a combinaiton of the two where some look like tubes and some look like flasks

Question 22

Describe myoepithelial cells.

Where are they located?

What is their structure?

What is thier function?

Answer 22

Myoepithelial cells are star-shaped in structure with a central nucleus and long cytoplasmic processes

THey have filaments in the cytoplasm which may be contractile

THey are located between the basal lamina and the base of secretory cells

They help secretory processes by pressing on secretory cells (for example in sweat glands, mannary glands, and salivary glands

Question 23

Is this a mucous or a serous gland?

Answer 23

This is a serous acini - the nuclei are in the center of the cell

Question 24

Is this a mucous gland or a serous gland

Answer 24

This is a mucous acini (the nuclei are fflattened at the base)

Question 25

THis picture is a mixed serous mucous gland. What is the dark portion along the left lower mucous acini?

Answer 25

that’s the demilune

Question 26

What are the blue things?

Answer 26

goblet cells