Glands and The Oral Cavity

Question 1

What are the three types of secretory units?

Answer 1

Serous
Mucous
Mixed

Question 2

What kind of secretion do salivary glands make?

Answer 2

Merocrine

Question 3

What is the composition of saliva?

Answer 3

Water
Mucin
Carbohydrates
Protein
Inorganic Compounds
Bicarbonate

Question 4

What is the function of saliva?

Answer 4

Help digest carbohydrates

Buffer content of oral cavity

lubricates mucosa, washes mouth, moistens food

Question 5

What glands produce saliva? What secretory units are they composed of?

Answer 5

Parotid Gland (Serous)
Sublingual (Mucous)
Submandibular (Mixed)

Question 6

What are characteristics of each secretory unit type?

Answer 6

Serous: Big nuclei, canaliculi, heavily stained
Mucous: Flat nuclei, no ducts/canaliculi, pale stain
Mixed: Visible ducts, Serous Demilune visible

Question 7

What facilitates movement of secretion into the ducts?

Answer 7

Myoepithelial cells

Question 8

What are the duct types in salivary glands? Which is most prominent?

Answer 8

Intercalated (intralobular)

• smallest ducts
• canaliculi drain into these

Striated (intralobular)

• MOST PROMINENT
• striations due to basal invaginations of plasmalemma with mitochondria in between

Excretory (inter/intralobular)
- epithelium passes from columnar to pseudostratified to stratified with size

Question 9

Describe the pathway of secretion in a Compound Salivary gland and their epithelia types.

Answer 9

• Acinus (n/a)
• Intercalated duct (squamous)
• Striated duct (cuboidal-to-columnar)
• Intralobular duct (cuboidal-to-columnar)
• Interlobular duct (pseudostratified columnar with goblet cells)
• Lobar duct (columnar stratified)
• Main duct

Question 10

What controls the outflow of Saliva?

Answer 10

Parasympathetic:
Ach
SubP
VIP

Sympathetic:
NE

Question 11

We’ve already discussed the endocrine function of the Pancreas. What is its exocrine function?

Answer 11

Produce digestive juices (1200 mL per day) that contain enzymes necessary for further digestion after stomach.

Question 12

What will you notice about exocrine acinar cells of the Pancreas?

Answer 12

They are similar to serous gland cells. (Big nuclei, zymogen granules)

The key difference is that instead of a canaliculi, you will see a centroacinar cells (invasive duct cells).

NOTE: THERE ARE ALSO NO STRIATED DUCTS IN THE PANCREAS.

Question 13

What are the pancreatic enzymes? Where are they stored and where are they activated?

Answer 13

Protease (Trypsinogen, Chymotrypsinogen, Procarboxypeptidase, Proaminopeptidase)
Nuclease
Amylase
Lipase

Stored in pancreatic acinar cells as zymogen granules, and are activated once they reach the lumen of the duodenum.

Question 14

What are the two duodenal hormones that control pancreatic activity?

Answer 14

Secretin (stimulate pancreatic release of bicarbonate)

Cholecystokinin (stimulate pancreatic release of digestive enzymes and also gallbladder to release bile to intestine)

Question 15

What are the Oral Mucosa types?

Answer 15

Masticatory:

• chewing surfaces (gums, hard palate)
• stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
• thick lamina propria

Lining:

• Everywhere except back of tongue
• similar to inner surface of lip
• stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
• mucous glands

Question 16

What is the Sulcus Terminalis?

Answer 16

A v-shaped groove that separates tongue body (2/3) from root (1/3).

Question 17

What are the four types of papillae of the tongue? Which have taste buds?

Answer 17

Filliform (shark teeth’ majority of the papillae)
Fungiform
Foliate
Circumvalalte

All but Filliform have taste buds

Question 18

What are the Six Taste types?

Answer 18

Sour
Salty
Sweet
Bitter
Umamit
Metallic

Question 19

What are the cell types present in taste buds?

Answer 19

Type 4: Progenitor Cell (becomes type 1)
Type 1 (becomes type 2)
Type 2 (becomes type 3)
Type 3: mature taste cell; has a neural connection and is the only cell whose cilia actually reach outside of the papillae.

Question 20

Where are the taste buds located, and what do they taste?

Answer 20

Bitter: Back
Sour: Sides
Sweet: Front
Salty: Tip and lateral

Question 21

What are some tongue pathologies?

Answer 21

Bacterial/Fungal Infection: Coated tongue
Chromogenic Bacteria (?): Black/hairy tongue
Scarlet Fever: Strawberry/Raspberry tongue

Question 22

What are the Palatine Tonsils composed of?

Answer 22

Lymphoid nodule tissue.

Question 23

Why do Palatine Tonsils get infected and not the Lingual Tonsils?

Answer 23

In the Lingual Tonsils, mucous glands wash out crypts (ducts from glands open into the bottom of the crypts)