Glands Flashcards
What is the adrenal cortex?
The outer tissue of the adrenal glands.
What is the adrenal medulla?
The inner tissue of the adrenal glands.
What is the outermost region of the adrenal cortex and what does it make?
The outermost region is the zona glomerulosa which makes mineralocorticoids.
What is the central region of the adrenal cortex and what does it make?
The central region is the zone fasiculata which makes glucocorticoids.
What is the innermost region of the adrenal cortex?
The innermost region is the zone reticularis which makes androgens such as testosterone.
What hormones are produced in the adrenal medulla?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Where is/are the adrenal gland(s) found?
The adrenal glands sit above the kidneys.
What are three types of thyroid gland cells?
Colloid, principal cells and parafollicular cells (C-cells)
What is colloid (in the thyroid gland) and what is its function?
Colloid consist of a gel-like, pinkish material mainly consisting of thyroglobin. Thyroid hormones are stored extracellularly as part of the thyroglobin.
What is the function of principal cells in the thyroid gland?
Principal cells secrete thyroid hormone, thyroglobin, and glycotropin.
What is the function of parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland?
Parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin which lowers the level of calcium ions in the blood .
Where is the parathyroid gland found?
Above the thyroid gland in the throat.
What does the parathyroid gland secrete and what is its function?
Parathyroid hormone which stimulates osteoclasts to mobilize bone and increase the level of calcium in the blood. PTH also increases calcium cation reabsorption in the kidney and decreases reabsorption of phosphate ions.
Where is the pituitary gland located?
At the base of the brain just behind the optic chiasm.
What is the anterior pituitary made of?
The anterior pituitary originates from oral ectoderm, forming Rathke’s pouch.
