Gladding Ch. 11 (Behavioral & Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapies) Flashcards
Behaviorism
Developed from work of Pavlov, Watson, Skinner. Originally focused on observable behavior and concentrated on assisting individuals to modify dysfunctional behaviors.
Behavioral Family Therapy (BFT)
Origins in research involving modification of children’s actions by parents. Treatment based on social learning theory. Initial work conducted at Oregon Social Learning Center in mid-1960s.
Oregon Social Learning Center
Gerald Patterson and John Reid. Trained parents and significant adults in a child’s environment to be agents of change. Treatment based on social learning theory. techniques involved rewards, modeling, time-out, contingent attention.
Social Learning Theory
stressed the importance of modeling new behaviors
Functional Family Therapy
a type of BFT that is basically systemic
Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy (CBFT)
therapists work w/ clients to challenge unproductive and detrimental beliefs and construct useful ones
Leading proponents of cognitive-behavioral marital and family therapy
aaron beck, frank dattilio, albert ellis, norman epstein, andrew schwebal
B.F. Skinner
1st to use the term “behavior therapy.” argued behavior problems can be dealt with directly, not simply as symptoms of underlying psychic conflict. Originator and proponent of operant conditioning
Operant Conditioning
people can learn through reewards and punishments to respond behaviorally to their environments in certain ways
Gerald Patterson
Credited as the primary theorist to begin applying behavioral theory to family problems. Worked at Oregon Social Learning center. Patterseon and colleagues developed a family observational coding system to use in assessing dysfunctional behaviors through observations of parents and children in labs and natural environments. wrote programmed workbooks for parents to emply in helping their children modify behaviors. extended learning principles and techniques to family and marital problems.
Neil Jacobson
Focused on behavioral marital therapy and domestic violence. Bridged gap between “academic statistical research and clinical outcome research.” Research challenged acceptance (loving partner as complete person and not focusing on differences) and chracteristics of domestic abusers (e.g. lower heart rates during assaults as opposed to higher)
Premises of BFT
classical and operant conditioning. all behavior is learned. people act according to how they have been renforced. behavior is maintained by its consequences. maladaptive behaviors, not underlying causes, should be targets of change. concern of therapist is to change present behavior, not deal w/ historical developments. not everyone in family has to be treated for change to occur. emphasises stimulus, reinforcement, shaping, and modeling.
Social Exchange Theory
stresses rewards and cost of relationships in family life according to a behavioral economy.
cognitive-behavioral theory
relationship-related cognitions individuals hold, shape how they think, feel, and behave in couple and family relationships.”
4 most prevalent forms of behavioral and CBFT
- behavioral parent training
- functional family therapy
- behavioral treatment of sexual dysfunctions
- cognitive-behavioral family therapy
Behavioral Parent Training
4 styles of parenting: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, neglectful. Authoritative is most effective.
Approaches include parent-skills training and parent therapies.
Behavioral Parent Training: Parent Skills Training
therapist serves as a social learning educator whose prime responsibility is to change parents’ responses to a child or children, through thoughts and actions. linear in nature.
An example of parent-skills training is parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT). child behavioral problems addressed in 2-stage intervention model: relationship enhance phase and dicipline phase. goal is to define specific problem behavior.
Functional Family Therapy (FFT)
family-based treatment. especially for adolescents. multisystemic, focuses on systems at several levels, all domains of client experience (biological, behavioral, affective, etc). behaviors help family members achieve one of three interpsonal states:
- contact/closeness (merging)
- distance/independence (separating)
- combination of 1 and 2 (midpointing)
Functional Family Therapy
Systemic 3-stage process.
- assessment
- change
- maintenance
most critical stage of fft is engagement and motivation
Behavioral Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions
Masters & Johnson. 4 phases of sexual responsiveness: excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution. no such thing as uninvolved parter in relationship w/ any form of sexual inadequacy.
PLISSIT
P permission to talk
LI limited information
SS specific suggestions
IT intensive therapy
Helen Singer Kaplan
Sexual dysfunctiosn result from intrapsychic conflict, interpersonal couple conflict, anxiety
Joseph LoPiccolo
behavioral treatment for sexual dysfunction share following elements: reduction of performance anxiety, education, skill training in communications, attitude change methodologies.
Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy (CBFT)
heavy emphasis on modifying personal or collective core beliefs (or schema). teach fams how to think for selves and think defferently when helpful. focus on excess negative interaction, expressive and listening skills, problem solving skills, negotiation and behavior change skills
General Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches
- Education
- Communication & Problem-solving strategies
- Operant Conditioning
- Contracting
Specific Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques
Common characteristics of being operationally definable, precise, measurable. foster change through new forms of acting. techniques include: classical conditioning, coaching, contingency contracting, extinction, positive reinforcement, quid pro quo, reciprocity, shaping (successive approximation), systematic desensitization, time-out, job card grounding, grounding, charting, premack principle, disputing irrational thoughts, thought stopping, self-instructional training, modeling and role playing, shame attack, stress inoculation
Role of therapist
expert, teacher, collaborator, coach. understand influence family members have on each other. take active part in designing and implementing specific strategies to help families
Anatomy of Intervention Model (AIM)
5 phases in therapy: introduction, assessment, motivation, behavior change, termination.
Process & Outcome
modify, change, increase behaviors to functioning better. increase parent skills, facilitate positive interaction, improve sexual behaviors
Unique Aspects
Emphasizes learning theory, which focuses on pinpointing problem behaviors and making use of behavioral and cognitive techniques. continued evolution (e.g. focus on parenting to focus on family as system). short-term treatment. rejects medical model of abnormal behavior
