Gladding Ch. 11 (Behavioral & Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapies)

Question 1

Behaviorism

Answer 1

Developed from work of Pavlov, Watson, Skinner. Originally focused on observable behavior and concentrated on assisting individuals to modify dysfunctional behaviors.

Question 2

Behavioral Family Therapy (BFT)

Answer 2

Origins in research involving modification of children’s actions by parents. Treatment based on social learning theory. Initial work conducted at Oregon Social Learning Center in mid-1960s.

Question 3

Oregon Social Learning Center

Answer 3

Gerald Patterson and John Reid. Trained parents and significant adults in a child’s environment to be agents of change. Treatment based on social learning theory. techniques involved rewards, modeling, time-out, contingent attention.

Question 4

Social Learning Theory

Answer 4

stressed the importance of modeling new behaviors

Question 5

Functional Family Therapy

Answer 5

a type of BFT that is basically systemic

Question 6

Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy (CBFT)

Answer 6

therapists work w/ clients to challenge unproductive and detrimental beliefs and construct useful ones

Question 7

Leading proponents of cognitive-behavioral marital and family therapy

Answer 7

aaron beck, frank dattilio, albert ellis, norman epstein, andrew schwebal

Question 8

B.F. Skinner

Answer 8

1st to use the term “behavior therapy.” argued behavior problems can be dealt with directly, not simply as symptoms of underlying psychic conflict. Originator and proponent of operant conditioning

Question 9

Operant Conditioning

Answer 9

people can learn through reewards and punishments to respond behaviorally to their environments in certain ways

Question 10

Gerald Patterson

Answer 10

Credited as the primary theorist to begin applying behavioral theory to family problems. Worked at Oregon Social Learning center. Patterseon and colleagues developed a family observational coding system to use in assessing dysfunctional behaviors through observations of parents and children in labs and natural environments. wrote programmed workbooks for parents to emply in helping their children modify behaviors. extended learning principles and techniques to family and marital problems.

Question 11

Neil Jacobson

Answer 11

Focused on behavioral marital therapy and domestic violence. Bridged gap between “academic statistical research and clinical outcome research.” Research challenged acceptance (loving partner as complete person and not focusing on differences) and chracteristics of domestic abusers (e.g. lower heart rates during assaults as opposed to higher)

Question 12

Premises of BFT

Answer 12

classical and operant conditioning. all behavior is learned. people act according to how they have been renforced. behavior is maintained by its consequences. maladaptive behaviors, not underlying causes, should be targets of change. concern of therapist is to change present behavior, not deal w/ historical developments. not everyone in family has to be treated for change to occur. emphasises stimulus, reinforcement, shaping, and modeling.

Question 13

Social Exchange Theory

Answer 13

stresses rewards and cost of relationships in family life according to a behavioral economy.

Question 14

cognitive-behavioral theory

Answer 14

relationship-related cognitions individuals hold, shape how they think, feel, and behave in couple and family relationships.”

Question 15

4 most prevalent forms of behavioral and CBFT

Answer 15

1. behavioral parent training
2. functional family therapy
3. behavioral treatment of sexual dysfunctions
4. cognitive-behavioral family therapy

Question 16

Behavioral Parent Training

Answer 16

4 styles of parenting: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, neglectful. Authoritative is most effective.
Approaches include parent-skills training and parent therapies.

Question 17

Behavioral Parent Training: Parent Skills Training

Answer 17

therapist serves as a social learning educator whose prime responsibility is to change parents’ responses to a child or children, through thoughts and actions. linear in nature.
An example of parent-skills training is parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT). child behavioral problems addressed in 2-stage intervention model: relationship enhance phase and dicipline phase. goal is to define specific problem behavior.

Question 18

Functional Family Therapy (FFT)

Answer 18

family-based treatment. especially for adolescents. multisystemic, focuses on systems at several levels, all domains of client experience (biological, behavioral, affective, etc). behaviors help family members achieve one of three interpsonal states:

1. contact/closeness (merging)
2. distance/independence (separating)
3. combination of 1 and 2 (midpointing)

Question 19

Functional Family Therapy

Answer 19

Systemic 3-stage process.

1. assessment
2. change
3. maintenance

most critical stage of fft is engagement and motivation

Question 20

Behavioral Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions

Answer 20

Masters & Johnson. 4 phases of sexual responsiveness: excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution. no such thing as uninvolved parter in relationship w/ any form of sexual inadequacy.

Question 21

PLISSIT

Answer 21

P permission to talk
LI limited information
SS specific suggestions
IT intensive therapy

Question 22

Helen Singer Kaplan

Answer 22

Sexual dysfunctiosn result from intrapsychic conflict, interpersonal couple conflict, anxiety

Question 23

Joseph LoPiccolo

Answer 23

behavioral treatment for sexual dysfunction share following elements: reduction of performance anxiety, education, skill training in communications, attitude change methodologies.

Question 24

Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy (CBFT)

Answer 24

heavy emphasis on modifying personal or collective core beliefs (or schema). teach fams how to think for selves and think defferently when helpful. focus on excess negative interaction, expressive and listening skills, problem solving skills, negotiation and behavior change skills

Question 25

General Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches

Answer 25

1. Education
2. Communication & Problem-solving strategies
3. Operant Conditioning
4. Contracting

Question 26

Specific Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques

Answer 26

Common characteristics of being operationally definable, precise, measurable. foster change through new forms of acting. techniques include: classical conditioning, coaching, contingency contracting, extinction, positive reinforcement, quid pro quo, reciprocity, shaping (successive approximation), systematic desensitization, time-out, job card grounding, grounding, charting, premack principle, disputing irrational thoughts, thought stopping, self-instructional training, modeling and role playing, shame attack, stress inoculation

Question 27

Role of therapist

Answer 27

expert, teacher, collaborator, coach. understand influence family members have on each other. take active part in designing and implementing specific strategies to help families

Question 28

Anatomy of Intervention Model (AIM)

Answer 28

5 phases in therapy: introduction, assessment, motivation, behavior change, termination.

Question 29

Process & Outcome

Answer 29

modify, change, increase behaviors to functioning better. increase parent skills, facilitate positive interaction, improve sexual behaviors

Question 30

Unique Aspects

Answer 30

Emphasizes learning theory, which focuses on pinpointing problem behaviors and making use of behavioral and cognitive techniques. continued evolution (e.g. focus on parenting to focus on family as system). short-term treatment. rejects medical model of abnormal behavior