Glaciers T6: Transport, deposition and associated landforms

Question 1

What are the three types of transport?

Answer 1

1. Englacial
2. Supraglacially
3. Subglacailly

Question 2

What is englacial transport?

Answer 2

Transport when the material is carried on the glacier.

Question 3

What is supra glacial transport?

Answer 3

The transport of material inside of the glacier.

Question 4

What is subglacial transport?

Answer 4

The transport of material at the base of the glacier.

Question 5

What are the 4 types of deposition?

Answer 5

1. Lodgement
2. Ablation
3. Deformation
4. Flow

Question 6

What is lodgement?

Answer 6

When debris gets lodged on the glacier bed and so is deposited by the glacier.

Question 7

What is ablation?

Answer 7

Deposition that occurs when the glacier melts.

Question 8

What is deformation?

Answer 8

Deposition that occurs when the sediment is deformed by a moving glacier.

Question 9

What is flow?

Answer 9

High meltwater content causes debris to creep slide or flow during deposition.

Question 10

What are the 4 types of ice contact depositional landforms?

Answer 10

1. Erractics
2. Flute
3. Drumlin
4. Moraine

Question 11

What is an erratic?

Answer 11

A piece of rock that differs from the size and type of native rock, and is deposited via ablation.

Question 12

What is a flute?

Answer 12

It is an elongated, streamlined ridge of sediment produced beneath a glacier: deposited via ablation.

Question 13

What is a drumlin?

Answer 13

It is a smooth oval shaped hill with a steep toss side and sloping lee side. It has two theories of formation?

Question 14

What are the two theories of formation of a drumlin?

Answer 14

1. The boulton Menzies theory: The drumlin is formed via deposition in the lee of a slowly moving obstacle in the deforming layer. The bedrock or thermally frozen material forms the core of the drumlin and the ground moraine is plastered around it.
2. The shaw theory: Suggests all drumlins even rock core drumlins were formed by subglacial meltwater in flood , causing irregularities to from in the river bed which were subsequently moulded into drumlins.

Question 15

What is moraine?

Answer 15

It is till deposited by the glacier during ablation. It has 6 forms.

Question 16

What are the 6 forms of moraine?

Answer 16

1. Lateral moraine
2. Medial moraine
3. Terminal moraine
4. Reccesional moraine
5. Push moraine
6. Hummocky moraine

Question 17

What are the 9 types of fluvioglacial depositional landforms?

Answer 17

1. Kames and Kame terraces
2. Sandur/outwash plains
3. Kettle hole
4. Esker
5. Watershed beaching
6. Overflow channels
7. Drainage diversion
8. Varves
9. Proglacical lakes

Question 18

What is a Kame/ Kame terraces?

Answer 18

A kame is an irregularly shape hill or mound composed of sand gravel and till.
A kame terrace is where the sediment collects in a former glacial lake, forming a flat topped mound.

Question 19

What is a Sandur/ outwash plain?

Answer 19

It’s a flat expanse of sediment in a proglacial area. Sediment is sorted.

Question 20

What is a Kettle hole?

Answer 20

It’s a dimple impression on an outwash plain often filled by a lake.

Question 21

What is an Esker?

Answer 21

It is a long sinuous ridge on the valley floor. Material is deposited due to blockages.

Question 22

What is watershed beaching?

Answer 22

It’s when a glacier itself creates a new course for a river.

Question 23

What is an overflow channel?

Answer 23

A channel cut out by meltwater escaping a proglacial lake.

Question 24

What is a drainage diversion?

Answer 24

When ice sheets and glaciers divert the course of a pre existing drainage system.

Question 25

What is a varve?

Answer 25

They are layers of sediment found at the bottom of lakes, because the sediment is in contact with water the sediment is sorted.

Question 26

What is a proglacial lake?

Answer 26

A lake at the snout of a glacier. It occurs when ice or sediment acts as a dam and then meltwater fills the hollow created. Creating a lake.