Glaciers EPQ 4

Question 1

Case study for a glaciated landscape

Answer 1

Greenland 80% Ice cover

Question 2

What are the environmental values of Greenland

Answer 2

Scientific research, economic exploitation, water cycle

Question 3

What % i I f the global ice mass does Greenland contain

Answer 3

10%

Question 4

What is the average rate of ice loss from the Greenland ice sheet

Answer 4

Increased from 34 gigatonnes per year between 1992 and 2001 to 215 gigatonnes per year between 2002 and 2011

Question 5

How much has the melting of Greenland’s ice caps contributed to the sea level rise

Answer 5

0.33mm per years to global mean sea rise between 1993 and 2010

Question 6

What has the IPCC calculated as the average global sea rise if the whole of the Greenland ice sheet melted

Answer 6

Sea level rise of up to 7m meaning places like Florida , London and Shanghai would be underwater as well as countries like Bangladesh and the Maldives

Question 7

What is Greenland’s cultural value

Answer 7

For the native Inuit people the landscape maintains there traditional lifestyle of hunting, fishing and herding as well as providing scientific information about past climates

Question 8

What is Greenland’s economic value

Answer 8

Economic opportunities from HEP to valuable deposits of oil, gas, metals and minerals aswell as tourism

Question 9

Fact for the economic opportunities of Greenland

Answer 9

Worlds largest unexploited hydropower capacity

Question 10

What are the threats to the fragile glacial environment due to climate change

Answer 10

Ice loss opening areas for Economic exploitation, stresses on the environment from increased industrial activity and new commercial shipping routes in the northwest passage risking marine pollution.

Question 11

How is overfishing a threat to the glaciated landscape

Answer 11

Introduce invasive species that may outcompete and displace the native species

Question 12

What glacial species are under threat

Answer 12

Polar bears threatened by climate change as there hunting ground is reduced an pollution affects there ability to reproduce

Question 13

What are the political threats to the fragile glacial landscape

Answer 13

In 2007 Russia claimed part of the sea bead at the North Pole which caused conflict with other arctic nations such as Denmark and Canada which have now staked there own claims

Question 14

Cast study for a peri glaciated landscape

Answer 14

The Yamal peninsular, Russia

Question 15

What is the environmental value of the Yamal peninsular

Answer 15

Biodiversity although low had a global value for birds providing a summer home and contributing to the food web , also as a carbon sink storing twice as much carbon as what’s in the atmosphere

Question 16

What is the cultural value of the Yamal peninsular

Answer 16

To the native Nenets’ the ecosystem has allowed them to live sustainably with there reindeer migrating to avoid the extreme cold weather

Question 17

What is the economic value of the Yamal peninsular

Answer 17

Reindeer herding supports over 10000 nomads who gets herd over 300,000 domesticated reindeer and own 80% of the pastures . But also the area is rich in natural resources containing the biggest gas reserves on the planet

Question 18

How does climate change pose a threat a threat to the Yamal peninsular

Answer 18

Earlier melts in spring and delay in autumn freezes affect reindeer’s and herders ability to cross frozen tundra, large sinkholes have also appeared due to the release of methane from the permafrost

Question 19

How has attempts to exploit gas on the Yamal peninsular a threat

Answer 19

Exploitation of the Bovanenkovo gas field destroyed pasture causing overgrazing of the tundra and disruption to migration routes meaning conflict

Question 20

Which energy giant is exploiting the Yamal peninsular

Answer 20

Gasprom

Question 21

What infrastructure projects have taken place due to the exploitation of gas on the Yamal peninsular

Answer 21

A 572 km railway line , a gas pipeline and several bridges

Question 22

Joe many native reindeer herders have been evicted fire to gas exploitation of the Yamal peninsular

Answer 22

160 reindeer herders

Question 23

Case study for management of threats to glacial landscape

Answer 23

The Antarctic treaty

Question 24

What is the Antarctic treaty

Answer 24

International agreement to regulate international relations on Earths only continent without a native human population

Question 25

What does the Antarctic treaty do

Answer 25

Sets it aside for scientific preserve , establishing freedom of scientific investigation and bans military activity and regulates tourism

Question 26

What is the Madrid protocol

Answer 26

In 1998 prohibited any exploitation of Antarctic mineral resources for 50 years except for scientific research

Question 27

How many tourists visited in the peak season of the peak year 2007-8

Answer 27

46,000