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Science > Glaciers and Mass Movement > Flashcards

Glaciers and Mass Movement Flashcards

1
Q

What are glaciers?

A

Thick masses of ice that form over thousands of years

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2
Q

What are the two types of glaciers?

A

Valley Glaciers and Ice Sheets

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3
Q

What are Valley Glaciers?

A

Ice that flows down mountain valleys at high latitude

Example: Alaska

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4
Q

What are ice sheets?

A

Ice that covers a large region where the climate is extremely cold

Example: Antartica

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5
Q

What is an iceberg?

A

A large piece of floating ice usually broken off from a glacier

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6
Q

What is an ice age?

A

A long period of very cold climate conditions

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7
Q

In what two ways do glaciers erode?

A

Plucking and Abrasion

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8
Q

What is plucking?

A

When frost action loosens blocks of rock and glacier then lifts them away

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9
Q

What is abrasion?

A

When the ice slides over the rocks like sandpaper

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10
Q

What are striation?

A

Scratches left on the bedrock as the glacier moves over it

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11
Q

Deposition due to glaciers is usually…

A

Unsorted/random and has angular sediments

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12
Q

In what order do glaciers deposit sediment?

A

They drops the sediments in the reverse order to which they were picked up

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13
Q

How are U shaped valleys formed?

A

Ice carves a wide valley pushing everything in its way and when the glacier melts it leaves behind a U shaped valley.

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14
Q

What type of a valley does a glacier leave? What type of valley does a river leave?

A

A glacier leaves behind a U shaped values and rivers leave a V shaped values

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15
Q

What is till?

A

Unsorted sediments left behind from a glacier

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16
Q

What is a moraine?

A

Ridges of till

17
Q

What is a drumlin?

A

An oval shaped mound of hill

18
Q

How does a drumlin reveal which direction the glacier moved?

A

Whatever direction the pointy side of drumlin is facing is the direction the glacier moved

19
Q

What is a glacial lake?

A

A lake formed when the glacier begins to melt

20
Q

What is a kettle lake?

A

A small lake formed when a chunk of ice becomes dislodged and then melts

21
Q

What is a glacial erratic?

A

A large boulder dropped by melting ice

22
Q

What was Long Island formed by?

A

Long Island was formed by glaciers

23
Q

What split Long Island into the North and South shores?

A

Two moraines

24
Q

What are the difference between glaciers and rivers?

A

Rivers-
U shaped valleys
Unsorted-random angular fragments

Streams-
V shaped valley
Sorted from large (on bottom) to small (on top)
Rounded fragments

25
Q

What is mast movement?

A

The movement of loose materials down slope under the influence of gravity

26
Q

What are some parts of gravity/glaciers?

A

-not sorted
-angular
-not layered
-opposite of water

27
Q

What is talus?

A

Rock fragments that have been weathered from a cliff and pulled down by gravity. They come from piles at the base of the slope.

28
Q

What are the six types of Mass movement?

A

Creep, landslides, slump, mudflow, earth flow, and avalanche

29
Q

What is creep?

A

The unseen movement of soil down slope and is unseen.

30
Q

Where is creep only noticiable?

A

It’s only noticeable by fences, poles, trees that lean down hill

31
Q

What are landslides?

A

The sudden movement of a mass of bedrock or loose rock that is triggered by earthquakes or addition of large amounts of water (makes it easier for materials to flow).

32
Q

What is slump?

A

Small blocks of land that move downhill along curved surfaces and occurs when the slope is too steep and the bottom of the slope cannot support the top. Movement makes the slope stable.

33
Q

What is mudflow?

A

The rapid movement of water that can carry large amounts of sediments (suspended clay and silt). They can travel at 60+ mph that can move rocks, boulders, and houses

34
Q

What is earth flow?

A

A mass of material that has been saturated with water a flows down hill

35
Q

What is an avalanche?

A

A landslide composed of masses of ice, snow, soil, and rock (large scale mass movement)

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